Supplementary Tables from Comprehensive insights into the genetic background of Chinese populations using Y chromosome markers

China is located in East Asia. With a high genetic and cultural diversity, human migration in China has always been a hot topic of genetics research. To explore the origins and migration routes of Chinese males, 3333 Chinese individuals (Han, Hui, Mongolia, Yi and Kyrgyz) with 27 Y-STRs and 143 Y-SNPs from published literatures were analysed. Our data showed that there are five dominant haplogroups (O2-M122, O1- F265, C-M130, N-M231, R-M207) in China. Combining analysis of haplogroup frequencies, geographical positions and time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA), we found that haplogroup C-M130, N-M231 and R1-M173 and O1a-M175 probably migrated into China via the northern route. Interestingly, we found that haplogroup C*-M130 in China may originate in South Asia, whereas the major subbranches C2a-L1373 and C2b-F1067 migrated from northern China. The results of BATWING showed that the common ancestry of Y haplogroup in China can be traced back to 17 000 years ago, which was concurrent with global temperature increases after the Last Glacial Maximum.

中国位于东亚地区。鉴于中国拥有高度丰富的遗传与文化多样性，中国境内的人类迁徙始终是遗传学研究的热点议题。为探究中国男性的起源与迁徙路径，本研究对已发表文献中收录的3333名中国人群体（包含汉族、回族、蒙古族、彝族及吉尔吉斯族）的27个Y染色体短串联重复序列（Y-STR）和143个Y染色体单核苷酸多态性位点（Y-SNP）进行了分析。本研究数据显示，中国人群中存在五大优势单倍群：O2-M122、O1-F265、C-M130、N-M231以及R-M207。结合单倍群频率、地理分布以及最近共同祖先时间（TMRCA）的分析结果，本研究发现C-M130、N-M231、R1-M173及O1a-M175这几类单倍群大概率通过北方路径迁入中国。值得注意的是，本研究发现中国境内的C*-M130单倍群可能起源于南亚，而其主要子分支C2a-L1373与C2b-F1067则源自中国北方地区的迁徙。基于BATWING软件的分析结果显示，中国人群Y染色体单倍群的共同祖先可追溯至17000年前，这一时间与末次盛冰期后全球气温回升的时段相吻合。