Hybrid networks reveal contrasting effects of agricultural intensification on antagonistic and mutualistic motifs

1. Anthropogenic-driven perturbations such as agricultural intensification can affect simultaneously and distinctly several species groups and ecosystem functions. Unveiling these concurrent effects on interdependent species groups connected by different types of ecological interactions is a key challenge for ecologists. To this endeavor, hybrid ecological networks arise as a promising tool.

2. In this study, we used bee trap nests to sample hybrid networks that combined mutualistic and antagonistic interactions to explore agricultural intensification effects on the representation of network motifs (i.e., subnetworks showing different interaction types between a small number of species). Also, we assessed the variability of network motif’s frequencies on farms under similar management regimes and the dissimilarity between farms under different ones. For this, we implemented a novel approach, calculating network functional spaces based on probability density estimates of network motif...

1. 由人类活动驱动的扰动（如农业集约化）可同时且差异化地作用于多个物种类群与生态系统功能。揭示这类由不同类型生态相互作用联结的、相互依存的物种类群所受的协同影响，是生态学家亟需攻克的核心挑战。为此，混合生态网络(hybrid ecological networks)成为了极具应用前景的研究工具。
2. 本研究借助诱蜂巢采集整合了互利与拮抗相互作用的混合网络样本，旨在探究农业集约化对网络基序(network motif)占比的影响；其中网络基序指由少量物种间不同相互作用类型构成的子网络。同时，本研究评估了相同经营管理模式农场内网络基序频率的变异程度，以及不同经营管理模式农场间的相异度。为此，我们采用了一种全新方法：基于网络基序的概率密度估计计算网络功能空间……