Proportion of students in Grade 2 or 3 achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in reading, adjusted location parity index (LPIA)

The Adjusted Location Parity Index (LPIA) is calculated by dividing the rural value for the indicator by the urban value for the indicator. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted location parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted LPI equal to 1 indicates parity between rural and urban locations. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of urban locations and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of rural locations.

调整后区位均等指数（Adjusted Location Parity Index，LPIA）的计算方式为：将指标的农村取值除以该指标的城镇取值。若所得比值大于1，则将该比值取倒数，并以2减去该倒数。调整后区位均等指数以1为对称轴，取值范围为0至2。当调整后LPI等于1时，表示农村与城镇区位的指标取值完全均等。总体而言，若该指数小于1，意味着指标取值偏向城镇区位；若指数大于1，则意味着指标取值偏向农村区位。