Symptom management theory applied to nursing care: scoping review

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify publications about the applicability of the Symptom Management Theory in nursing care to pediatric, adolescent, adult and elderly patients. Methods: scoping review following the steps: definition of the objective, research question and inclusion criteria; search, selection and analysis of publications; synthesis of results. The search occurred in the VHL, SciELO, CAPES and PubMed Journals Portal bases, contemplating publications between 1994 and July 2020. Results: out of 3,286 studies, ten were selected, published between 2008 and 2019. They described the relationships between the participants and the domains (person, environment, health and disease), components (symptom experience, management strategies, results) and presented strategies for symptom management. Conclusions: the Symptom Management Theory was considered applicable to the participants of the studies and to nursing care. It was concluded that understanding the interaction of these elements is essential to plan actions aimed at controlling symptoms effectively.

摘要 研究目的：明确症状管理理论（Symptom Management Theory）在儿科、青少年、成人及老年患者护理中的适用性相关文献。研究方法：本研究采用范围综述（scoping review）方法，遵循以下步骤：确立研究目标、研究问题与纳入标准；开展文献检索、筛选与分析；对研究结果进行综合。检索覆盖VHL、SciELO、CAPES及PubMed期刊门户数据库，检索时限为1994年至2020年7月。研究结果：共检索到3286项研究，最终筛选出10项发表于2008年至2019年的文献。上述文献阐述了研究对象与四大领域（个体、环境、健康与疾病）、三大核心组件（症状体验、管理策略、干预结局）之间的关联，并提出了相应的症状管理策略。研究结论：症状管理理论被证实适用于本研究纳入的受试者群体与临床护理场景。综上，明晰上述要素间的相互作用，对于制定可有效控制症状的护理干预方案至关重要。