Prevalence and factors associated with illicit drug use throughout life: National School Health Survey 2015

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The use of illicit drugs is a public health concern. This paper describes the prevalence and factors associated with the use of illicit drugs throughout life among 9th grade students attending public and private schools in daylight period in Brazil. Method: Data from the Brazilian Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) were analyzed. Use of illicit drugs at some point in life was assessed considering marijuana, cocaine, crack, solvent-based glue, ether-based inhalants, ecstasy, and oxy. Data were analized descriptively and by the Poisson’s regression model. Results: The use of illicit drugs at least once in life was reported by 9,0% of participants, being more prevalent among girls and associated with alcohol or tobacco use, active sexual life, feeling of loneliness, little or no contact between school and parents, and the experience of familial aggressions. The outcome was inversely associated with close contact with parents and their supervision. Prevalence was higher among participants whose mothers had higher educational levels and had, who had a payed job, and who attended public schools. Discussion: The prevalence of lifetime use of illicit drugs was stable when the three PeNSE samples were compared, but it resulted more common among girls in 2015 for the first time and was associated with the same conditions found in prior studies. Conclusion: Family and school appear to be protective factors, especially when there is direct supervision and care. It is important that both girls and boys are given the same attention when it comes to this this subject.

摘要：引言：非法药物使用是一项公共卫生关切议题。本文针对巴西日间就读于公立与私立中学的九年级学生，描述其终身使用非法药物的流行现状及相关影响因素。方法：本研究分析巴西青少年校园健康调查（PeNSE）的数据。调研评估了研究对象一生中曾使用大麻、可卡因、快克可卡因、溶剂型胶黏剂、醚类吸入剂、摇头丸以及羟考酮（oxy）的情况，并通过描述性统计分析与泊松回归模型对数据进行分析。结果：共有9.0%的研究对象报告称终身至少使用过一次非法药物，该使用比例在女生中更高，且与饮酒或吸烟、活跃的性生活、孤独感、家校沟通不足或缺乏家校联系、曾遭受家庭侵害等因素显著相关。该使用情况与和父母的亲密接触及父母监管呈负相关。研究对象中，母亲受教育程度更高且拥有带薪工作、以及就读公立学校的群体，其非法药物终身使用流行率更高。讨论：对比三次PeNSE调研样本可知，非法药物终身使用流行率保持稳定，但2015年首次出现女生使用率高于男生的情况，且相关影响因素与既往研究结果一致。结论：家庭与学校似乎是保护性因素，尤其是在存在直接监管与关怀的场景下。针对该议题，对男女生均应给予同等关注。