A Pathway Approach to the Study of Bias Crime Offenders, United States, 1990-2018

This project sought to improve understanding of the characteristics of bias crime in the United States by collecting and analyzing data on a national sample of offenders. The database - The Bias Incidents and Actors Study (BIAS) - includes information on 966 adult offenders who committed hate crimes in the United States from 1990-2018. BIAS includes offenders who committed crimes that were motivated by bias based on (1) race, ethnicity, or ancestry; (2) religion; (3) sexual orientation, gender, or gender identity; (4) disability; and (5) age. BIAS includes more than 100 variable fields that cover all aspects of an offender's background, including their demographic characteristics, family dynamics, education and employment histories, mental health concerns, criminal records, peer associations, and hate group affiliations. BIAS also include details on the nature of the offender's crime, such as whether it was violent or non-violent, spontaneous or premeditated, or was perpetrated alone, with a group, or while under the influence of drugs and alcohol.

本研究旨在通过收集并分析美国全国范围内犯罪者样本的数据，加深对美国偏见犯罪特征的理解。本数据库为偏见事件与行为者研究（Bias Incidents and Actors Study, BIAS），涵盖了1990年至2018年间美国境内966名实施仇恨犯罪的成年犯罪者的相关信息。该数据库收录的犯罪者所实施的仇恨犯罪，其偏见动机涵盖以下类别：(1) 种族、族裔或血统；(2) 宗教信仰；(3) 性取向、性别或性别认同；(4) 残疾状况；(5) 年龄。BIAS数据库包含超过100个变量字段，覆盖犯罪者背景的各个维度，包括人口统计学特征、家庭互动模式、教育与就业经历、心理健康状况、犯罪记录、同伴交往情况以及仇恨团体从属关系等。BIAS数据库还收录了犯罪者所实施犯罪的性质细节，例如该犯罪是否为暴力或非暴力行为、是否为临时起意或预谋犯罪，以及犯罪者是单独作案、结伙作案，还是在吸食毒品或饮酒的状态下实施犯罪。