National Health Service National Staff Survey, 2011

<b>Background</b><br>
The Commission for Health Improvement (CHI), in conjunction with the Department of Health (DH), appointed Aston University to develop and pilot a new national National Health Service (NHS) staff survey, commencing in 2003, and to establish an advice centre and web site to support that process. Administration of the programme was taken over by the Healthcare Commission in time for the 2004 series. On the 1st April 2009, the Care Quality Commission (CQC) was formed which replaced the Healthcare Commission (users should note that some of the surveys in the series conducted prior to this date will still be attributed to the Healthcare Commission). In 2011 the Department of Health took over management of the survey. Since 2013 NHS England (NHSE) have been in charge of the survey programme. Researchers at Aston University were responsible for the initial development of the survey questionnaire instrument, and for the setting up of the <a href="http://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/" title="NHS National Staff Survey Advice Centre">NHS National Staff Survey Advice Centre</a>. From 2011, Picker Institute Europe took over from Aston University as survey contractors. All organisations concerned worked in partnership to consult widely with NHS staff about the content of the new national survey. The work was conducted under the guidance of a stakeholder group, which contained representatives from the staff side, CQC, DH, human resources directors, Strategic Health Authorities and the NHS workforce. <br>
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<b>Aims and conduct of the survey</b><br>
The purpose of the annual NHS staff survey is to collect staff views about working in their local NHS trust. The survey has been designed to replace trusts' own annual staff surveys, the DH '10 core questions', and the HC 'Clinical Governance Review' staff surveys. It is intended that this one annual survey will cover the needs of HC, DH and trusts. Thus, it provides information for deriving national performance measures (including star ratings) and to help the NHS, at national and local level, work towards the 'Improving Working Lives' standard. The design also incorporates questions relating to the 'Positively Diverse Programme'. Trusts will be able to use the findings to identify how their policies are working in practice. The survey enables organisations, for the first time, to benchmark themselves against other similar NHS organisations and the NHS as a whole, on a range of measures of staff satisfaction and opinion. From 2013, the NHS Staff Survey went out to all main trust types - social enterprises, clinical commissioning groups and clinical support units were able to opt themselves in to the survey. Organisations were allowed to conduct the survey electronically and to submit data for an entire census or extended sample of their organisation. Previously the sample was restricted to 850 staff. <br>
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The collection of data (i.e. the survey fieldwork) is conducted by a number of independent survey contractors (see documentation for individual survey information). The contractors are appointed directly by each NHS trust in England and are required to follow a set of detailed guidance notes supplied by the Advice Centre (see web site link above), which covers the methodology required for the survey. For example, this includes details on how to draw the random sample, the requirements for printing of questionnaires, letters to be sent to respondents, data entry and submission. At the end of the fieldwork, the data are then sent to the Advice Centre. From the data submitted, each participating NHS trust in England receives a benchmarked 'Feedback Report' from the Advice Centre, which also produces (on behalf of the Department of Health) a series of detailed spreadsheets which report details of each question covered in the survey for each participating trust in England, and also a 'Key Findings' summary report covering the survey findings at national level. Further information about the survey series and related publications are available from the Advice Centre web site (see link above).<br>
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As in previous years, the 2011 survey contained different versions of the core questionnaire for each of the four main sectors (acute, ambulance, mental health and primary care). The majority of the content is the same across the different versions of the core questionnaire but there are a few sector-specific questions. A few questions were dropped and some added for 2011 - see the Guidance Notes document for details of changes.<br>
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For the second edition (August 2015) the variable Occgrp was removed from the data at the depositor’s request. The data can be analysed by occupational group using the variable Occ_da.

<b>背景</b><br>健康改善委员会（Commission for Health Improvement, CHI）联合卫生部（Department of Health, DH）委托阿斯顿大学开发并试点全新的全国性英国国家医疗服务体系（National Health Service, NHS）员工调查项目，该项目于2003年启动，同时建立咨询中心与官方网站以支撑相关工作。2004年系列调查启动前，医疗保健委员会（Healthcare Commission）接管了该项目的管理工作。2009年4月1日，医疗质量委员会（Care Quality Commission, CQC）正式成立，取代原医疗保健委员会（注：需注意2009年4月1日前开展的部分系列调查仍将归属于原医疗保健委员会）。2011年，卫生部接管该调查的管理职能。自2013年起，英国国民保健署英格兰分部（NHS England, NHSE）负责该调查项目的整体运营。阿斯顿大学的研究人员负责了调查问卷工具的初始开发，以及<a href="http://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/" title="NHS全国员工调查咨询中心">NHS全国员工调查咨询中心</a>的搭建工作。2011年起，欧洲皮克研究所（Picker Institute Europe）接替阿斯顿大学成为调查承包商。所有参与机构通力合作，广泛征询NHS员工对新全国性调查内容的意见。该工作在利益相关方小组的指导下开展，小组成员涵盖员工代表、CQC、卫生部、人力资源总监、战略卫生当局及NHS员工群体。<br><br><b>调查的目标与实施流程</b><br>年度NHS员工调查的核心目的是收集员工对其所在地方NHS信托机构工作环境的看法。该调查旨在取代各信托机构自行开展的年度员工调查、卫生部的“10个核心问题”调查以及医疗保健委员会的“临床治理审查”员工调查。本项统一年度调查旨在满足医疗保健委员会、卫生部及各信托机构的多方需求，可为全国性绩效衡量指标（包括星级评级）的制定提供数据支撑，同时助力NHS在国家与地方层面落实“改善工作生活质量”标准。问卷设计还纳入了与“积极多元化项目（Positively Diverse Programme）”相关的问题。各信托机构可利用调查结果评估自身政策的实际执行效果。本次调查首次使各机构能够在员工满意度与意见的多项指标上，与其他同类NHS机构及整体NHS体系进行对标。自2013年起，NHS员工调查覆盖所有主要信托机构类型——社会企业、临床委托团体及临床支持单位可自愿参与本次调查。机构可采用电子化方式开展调查，并提交全体员工或扩大样本量的调查数据，此前调查样本量限制为850名员工。<br><br>数据收集（即调查实地工作）由多家独立调查承包商负责（详见各调查的相关文档）。承包商由英格兰各NHS信托机构直接聘任，且必须遵循咨询中心提供的详细指导手册（详见上文网站链接），手册涵盖调查所需的方法论细节，例如随机抽样方法、问卷印刷要求、致受访者的信函规范、数据录入与提交流程等。实地调查结束后，数据将被提交至咨询中心。咨询中心会为每一家参与的英格兰NHS信托机构出具基准化的“反馈报告”，同时（代表卫生部）编制一系列详细的电子表格，汇总英格兰各参与信托机构对应调查问题的详细数据，并发布涵盖全国层面调查结果的“核心发现”总结报告。更多关于本次调查系列及相关出版物的信息可从咨询中心官网获取（详见上文链接）。<br><br>与往年一致，2011年的调查针对四大主要领域（急性医疗、救护车服务、精神卫生及初级护理）设置了不同版本的核心问卷。核心问卷的大部分内容在各版本间保持一致，但存在少量针对特定领域的专属问题。2011年的问卷删减了部分问题并新增了部分内容——具体变更细节请参阅《指导手册》文档。<br><br>在2015年8月发布的第二版数据中，应数据提交方的要求移除了Occgrp变量。研究人员可通过变量Occ_da对数据按职业群体进行分析。