Dataset for "Atmospheric Tide Amplitudes and Their Dependence on QBO and ENSO Phases: Insights from MUAM Ensemble Simulations"

Research data for the article "Atmospheric Tide Amplitudes and Their Dependence on QBO and ENSO Phases: Insights from MUAM Ensemble Simulations" by Koval A.V., Didenko K.A., Ermakova T.S., Eswaraiah, S., Fadeev A.S., Savenkova E.N., Shnaider A.V., Sokolov A.V. Abstract. This study examines the dependence of tide amplitudes in the upper atmosphere on long-period tropical oscillations, specifically the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) of zonal wind in the equatorial stratosphere and the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Numerical simulations of global atmospheric circulation are performed with the nonlinear mechanistic Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model (MUAM) for different combinations of QBO/ENSO phases. The structures of migrating and non-migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tides are calculated. The analysis focuses on boreal winter (January–February), when planetary waves (PWs) reach peak activity and contribute to the nonlinear generation of non-migrating tides. The results demonstrate, in particular, that the migrating diurnal westward propagationg tide (DW1) is amplified during the westerly QBO phase (wQBO) and under La Nina conditions. For the semidiurnal migrating tide (SDW2), ENSO effects are found to be more pronounced than those of the QBO. During El Nino, the tide’s amplitude decreases in the equatorial region while increasing to the North and South of it, regardless of the QBO phase. Changes in non-migrating tides differ from those of migrating tides with similar periods, which is attributed to the altered wave activity of the stationary PW with zonal wave number 1 (SPW1). The effect of strengthening/weakening of non-migrating diurnal westward propagating tide (DW2) generation for different combinations of QBO/ENSO is demonstrated explicitly by considering the terms responsible for the nonlinear interaction of PW1 and DW1 in the balance equation of perturbed potential enstrophy. Idealized simulations isolating the effects of QBO and ENSO, allowed for the differentiation of the influences of these two oscillations. Such separation is difficult with observational data, where limited time series restrict sample size and reduce statistical power to distinguish between these closely related phenomena. Results of numerical modeling of atmospheric circulation and calculation of atmospheric tides based on ensemble simulations for different QBO/ENSO phases: Files marked "LAe", "LAw", "ELe", "ELw" refer to La Nina+easterly QBO, La Nina+westerly QBO, El Nino+easterly QBO, El Nino+westerly QBO, respectively.Files marked "ALL" refer to mean climate values.Files ending with "disp" contain standard deviations of the differences of the corresponding values for calculating statistical significance (see .gs files below). Please, see respective .ctl files w1_tp1_EL_we_disp.ctl, w1_gh1_EL_we_disp.ctl Files gh_..._jf4.dx and tp_..._jf4.dx contain amplitudes and phases of eastward/westward travelling tides/PWs having periods of 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 days (for znoam wavenumber m=1) and 0.5, 1, 4 and 7 days (for m=2). (Please, see respective .ctl file w1_gh1_EL_e.ctl)Files marked "m1" and "m2" refer to tidal/PW amplitudes and phases with zonal wavenumbers of 1 and 2, respectively. "gh" and "tp" refer to geopotential height (m) and temperature (K). Files beginning with "uq_vwres__" contains Eliassen-Palm vectors and EP flux divergence. The files are named in the same way. See uqep_vwres_EL_e.ctl for the structure information.本研究配套的科研数据来自Koval A.V.、Didenko K.A.、Ermakova T.S.、Eswaraiah S.、Fadeev A.S.、Savenkova E.N.、Shnaider A.V.、Sokolov A.V.发表的论文《大气潮汐振幅及其对QBO与ENSO位相的依赖性：来自MUAM集合模拟的启示》。 摘要：本研究探讨了高层大气潮汐振幅对热带长周期振荡的依赖性，具体为赤道平流层纬向风准两年振荡（Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, QBO）与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（El Niño–Southern Oscillation, ENSO）。本研究采用非线性机理型中层与高层大气模式（Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model, MUAM），针对不同QBO/ENSO位相组合开展全球大气环流数值模拟，计算了迁移性与非迁移性全日潮、半日潮的结构特征。分析聚焦于北半球冬季（1-2月），此时行星波（Planetary Waves, PWs）活动达到峰值，且对非迁移性潮汐的非线性生成具有重要贡献。研究结果尤其表明，迁移性西行全日潮（DW1）在西风位相QBO（westerly QBO, wQBO）以及拉尼娜（La Niña）条件下会被放大。对于半日迁移潮（SDW2），ENSO的影响相较于QBO更为显著。在厄尔尼诺事件期间，赤道区域的潮汐振幅会降低，而其南北两侧区域的潮汐振幅则会升高，且该变化不受QBO位相影响。非迁移性潮汐的变化特征与同周期迁移性潮汐存在差异，这一现象可归因于纬向波数1的静止行星波（Stationary Planetary Wave 1, SPW1）的活动强度发生改变。通过在扰动位势涡度拟能的平衡方程中考虑行星波1（PW1）与DW1的非线性相互作用项，本研究明确展示了不同QBO/ENSO组合下非迁移性西行全日潮（DW2）生成过程的增强/减弱效应。通过开展分离QBO与ENSO影响的理想数值模拟，本研究得以区分这两种振荡的各自影响。而在观测数据中，由于时间序列长度有限导致样本量不足，难以区分这两种紧密相关的现象，因此难以实现二者影响的分离。 基于不同QBO/ENSO位相的集合模拟得到的大气环流数值模拟与大气潮汐计算结果： 标记为"LAe"、"LAw"、"ELe"、"ELw"的文件分别对应拉尼娜+东风位相QBO、拉尼娜+西风位相QBO、厄尔尼诺+东风位相QBO、厄尔尼诺+西风位相QBO情景。标记为"ALL"的文件代表气候平均态数值。后缀为"disp"的文件包含用于计算统计显著性的对应数值差值的标准差（详见下文.gs格式文件）。相关控制文件请参阅w1_tp1_EL_we_disp.ctl、w1_gh1_EL_we_disp.ctl。 文件gh_..._jf4.dx与tp_..._jf4.dx包含东传/西传潮汐与行星波的振幅与位相，其中纬向波数m=1时对应周期为0.5、1、5、10天的信号，m=2时对应周期为0.5、1、4、7天的信号。相关控制文件请参阅w1_gh1_EL_e.ctl。标记为"m1"与"m2"的文件分别对应纬向波数为1和2的潮汐/行星波振幅与位相。"gh"与"tp"分别代表位势高度（单位：米，m）与温度（单位：开尔文，K）。 前缀为"uq_vwres__"的文件包含埃利森-帕尔姆（Eliassen-Palm, EP）矢量与EP通量散度。此类文件的命名规则与上述文件一致。文件结构信息请参阅uqep_vwres_EL_e.ctl。