Prevalence of chronic spinal pain and identification of associated factors in a sample of the population of São Paulo, Brazil: cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic spinal pain, especially low-back pain and neck pain, is a leading cause of years of life with disability. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of chronic spinal pain among individuals aged 15 years or older and to identify the factors associated with it. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional epidemiological study on a sample of the population of the city of São Paulo. METHOD: Participants were selected using random probabilistic sampling and data were collected via face-to-face interviews. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), EuroQol-5D, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Fagerström test for nicotine dependence and Brazilian economic classification criteria were used. RESULTS: A total of 826 participants were interviewed. The estimated prevalence of chronic spinal pain was 22% (95% confidence interval, CI: 19.3-25.0%). The factors independently associated with chronic spinal pain were: female sex, age 30 years or older, schooling level of four years or less, symptoms compatible with anxiety and high physical exertion during the main occupation. Quality of life and self-rated health scores were significantly worse among individuals with chronic spinal pain. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of chronic spinal pain in this segment of the population of São Paulo was 22.0%. The factors independently associated with chronic pain were: female sex, age 30 years or older, low education, symptoms compatible with anxiety and physical exertion during the main occupation.

摘要 研究背景与目的：慢性脊柱痛，尤其是下腰痛与颈痛，是导致残疾生存年数增加的首要病因。本研究旨在评估15岁及以上人群慢性脊柱痛的患病率，并识别与之相关的影响因素。
设计与研究场景：针对圣保罗市人群样本开展的横断面流行病学研究。
研究方法：采用随机概率抽样方法筛选受试者，通过面对面访谈采集研究数据。研究使用了医院焦虑抑郁量表（Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS）、欧洲五维健康量表（EuroQol-5D）、酒精使用障碍识别测试（Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, AUDIT）、弗格尔斯特伦尼古丁依赖测试量表以及巴西经济状况分类标准。
研究结果：共纳入826名接受访谈的受试者。慢性脊柱痛的估算患病率为22%（95%置信区间CI：19.3%~25.0%）。与慢性脊柱痛独立相关的因素包括：女性性别、30岁及以上年龄、受教育年限≤4年、符合焦虑症状表现以及主要职业中存在高强度体力劳动。慢性脊柱痛患者的生活质量与自评健康评分均显著更差。
结论：圣保罗市该人群亚组的慢性脊柱痛患病率为22.0%。与慢性脊柱痛独立相关的因素包括：女性性别、30岁及以上年龄、低受教育水平、符合焦虑症状表现以及主要职业中的体力劳动负荷。