Vaccination Effects on SARS-CoV-2 Intra-Host

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2, partly due to intra-host genetic variations (iSNVs) that occur during viral replication and can be transmitted and become prevalent. These iSNVs, detectable when they surpass a frequency threshold, are seen as indicators of selective pressure and are under investigation, especially regarding the impact of vaccination on viral evolution. Deep sequencing techniques are essential for tracking this genetic diversity and potential mechanisms of vaccine escape. In Brazil, initiatives like LabMovel have utilized genomic and vaccination data to study the virus's evolution amid mass vaccination, particularly during the Delta and Omicron waves.

新冠大流行加速了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）的快速演化，这一过程在一定程度上源于病毒复制阶段产生的宿主内遗传变异（intra-host genetic variations，iSNVs）——这类变异可发生传播并成为流行毒株。当此类宿主内遗传变异的频率超过检测阈值时即可被检出，它们被视作病毒选择压力的标志性指标，目前正被广泛研究，尤其聚焦于疫苗接种对病毒演化的影响。深度测序技术是追踪该病毒遗传多样性以及病毒免疫逃逸潜在机制的核心手段。在巴西，诸如LabMovel这类研究项目已利用病毒基因组数据与疫苗接种数据，在大规模疫苗接种背景下开展病毒演化研究，尤其是在德尔塔（Delta）与奥密克戎（Omicron）毒株流行浪潮期间。