Labour Force Survey 2000, September - South Africa

Abstract
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The LFS is a twice-yearly rotating panel household survey, specifically designed to measure the dynamics of employment and unemployment in South Africa. It measures a variety of issues related to the labour market,including unemployment rates (official and expanded), according to standard definitions of the International Labour Organisation (ILO).

All editions of the LFS have been updated (some more than once) since their release. These version changes are detailed in a document available from DataFirst (in the "external documents" section titled "LFS 2000-2008 Collated Version Notes on the South African LFS").

Geographic coverage
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National Coverage

Analysis unit
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Households (dwellings) and individuals

Universe
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The LFS sample covers the non-institutional population except for workers' hostels. However, persons living in private dwelling units within institutions are also enumerated. For example, within a school compound, one would enumerate the schoolmaster's house and teachers' accommodation because these are private dwellings. Students living in a dormitory on the school compound would, however, be excluded.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The LFS is a twice-yearly rotating panel household survey. A rotating panel sample involves visiting the same dwelling units on a number of occasions (in this instance, five at most), and replacing a proportion of these dwelling units each round. New
dwelling units are added to the sample to replace those that are taken out. The pilot round of LFS fieldwork took place in February 2000, based on a probability sample of 10 000 dwelling units. This survey took place six months later, using a larger probability sample of 30,000 dwelling units. Among the 10,000 households visited in February, approximately 40% were re-visited in September 2000. The fieldworkers had some difficulty in identifying certain dwelling units in the sample, particularly in those areas where there are no addresses.

The Master Sample is based on the 1996 Population Census of enumeration areas (EA) and the estimated number of dwelling units from the 1996 Population Census. All 3000 PSUs included in the Master Sample were used in the Labour Force Survey. A PSU is either one EA or several EAs when the number of dwelling units in the base or originally selected EA was found to have less than 100 dwelling units. Each EA had to have approximately 150 dwelling units but it was discovered that many contained less. Thus, in some cases, it has been found necessary to add EAs to the original (census) EA to ensure that the minimum requirement of 100 dwellings, in the first stage of forming the PSUs, was met. The size of the PSUs in the Master Sample varied from 100 to 2445 dwelling units. Special dwellings such as prisons, hospitals, boarding houses, hotels, guest houses (whether catering or self-catering), schools and churches were excluded from the sample.

Explicit stratification of the PSUs was done by province and area type (urban/rural). Within each explicit stratum, the PSUs were implicitly stratified by District Council, Magisterial District and, within the magisterial district, by average household income (for formal urban areas and hostels) or EA. The allocated number of EAs was systematically selected with "probability proportional to size" in each stratum. Once the PSUs included in the sample were known, their boundaries had to be identified on the ground. After boundary identification, the next stage was to list accurately all the dwelling units in the PSUs.

The second stage of the sample selection was to draw from the dwelling units listing whereby a systematic sample of 10 dwelling units was drawn from each PSU. As a result, approximately 30,000 households (units) were interviewed. However, if there was growth of more than 20% in a PSU, then the sample size was increased systematically according to the proportion of growth in the PSU.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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Data collected includes data on households and person data (via the Flap and Section 1 of the questionnaire), worker data on persons 15-65 years (Sections 2, 3, 4 and 5). worker data collected includes labour market data, including employment in both the formal and informal sectors, and data on unemployment. Most questions in the Labour Force Survey questionnaire are pre-coded, i.e. there is a set number of choices from which one or more must be selected. Post-coding was done for open-ended questions.

LFS（劳动市场调查）是一项每半年进行一次的轮换样本家庭调查，旨在测量南非就业和失业的动态变化。该调查衡量与劳动力市场相关的各种问题，包括失业率（官方和扩展的），根据国际劳工组织（ILO）的标准定义。

自发布以来，所有版本的LFS都进行了更新（有些版本更新多次）。这些版本变化在DataFirst提供的文档中有详细说明，文档标题为“2000-2008年南非LFS综合版修订说明”（位于“外部文件”部分）。

地理覆盖范围
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全国覆盖

分析单位
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家庭（住宅）和个人

调查范围
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LFS样本覆盖非机构人口，不包括工人宿舍。然而，居住在机构内部私人住宅单位的人也被纳入统计。例如，在学校园区内，应统计校长住宅和教师宿舍，因为这些是私人住宅。然而，居住在学校园区宿舍的学生则不包括在内。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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LFS是一项每半年进行一次的轮换样本家庭调查。轮换样本样本涉及多次访问同一住宅单位（本例中最多五次），并在每一轮中替换一定比例的住宅单位。新的住宅单位被添加到样本中，以替换那些被移除的单位。LFS现场工作的试点轮次于2000年2月进行，基于10,000个住宅单位的概率样本。该调查在六个月后进行，使用了更大概率样本的30,000个住宅单位。在2月份访问的10,000个家庭中，大约40%在2000年9月被重新访问。调查员在识别某些样本中的住宅单位时遇到了一些困难，尤其是在没有地址的地区。

主样本基于1996年人口普查的普查区（EA）和从1996年人口普查中估计的住宅单位数量。主样本中包含的所有3,000个PSU都用于劳动力调查。PSU可以是单个EA，也可以是多个EA，当基础或最初选择的EA中的住宅单位数量少于100个时。每个EA必须大约有150个住宅单位，但发现许多EA的住宅单位数量少于这个数目。因此，在某些情况下，发现有必要添加EA到原始（普查）EA中，以确保在PSU形成的第一阶段满足至少100个住宅单位的最低要求。主样本中PSU的大小从100到2,445个住宅单位不等。特殊住宅，如监狱、医院、寄宿处、酒店、客房（无论是提供餐饮还是自备餐饮）、学校和教堂均被排除在样本之外。

对PSU进行了明确的分层，按省份和区域类型（城市/农村）进行。在每个明确的层内，PSU根据区议会、司法管辖区进行隐式分层，在司法管辖区内部，根据平均家庭收入（正式城市地区和宿舍）或EA进行分层。在每个层内，分配的EA数量系统性地选择，采用“规模成比例的概率”方法。一旦确定了样本中的PSU，就必须在地面上确定它们的边界。在边界识别后，下一阶段是准确列出PSU中的所有住宅单位。

样本选择的第二阶段是从住宅单位列表中抽取样本，从每个PSU中抽取10个住宅单位的系统样本。因此，大约有30,000个家庭（单位）接受了调查。然而，如果PSU的增长超过20%，则根据PSU增长的比例系统地增加样本量。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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收集的数据包括关于家庭和个人数据（通过问卷的翻盖和第1部分），以及15-65岁人员的工人数据（第2、3、4和5部分）。收集的工人数据包括劳动力市场数据，包括正式和非正式部门的就业情况，以及失业数据。劳动力调查问卷中的大多数问题都是预编码的，即有一组选项，必须从中选择一个或多个。开放式问题的编码是在事后进行的。