Central Asian radiation of modern large-mammal faunas in mid-Miocene

Elucidating how modern faunas were established is crucial for understanding mammalian evolution in response to the Cenozoic global climatic and tectonic changes. However, complicated exchanges of faunas between continents in the Late Cenozoic have made it challenging to identify general patterns of faunal evolution and migration. Here, we developed a new method, Faunal Phylogenetic Contribution, to quantify faunal relationships based on taxon distances in a supertree. Our results suggest Central Asia faunas exhibited two significant expansion phases: 19–16 Ma (pre-Tunggurian surge) and 11–9 Ma (Bahean surge). The latter phase was directly correlated with the formation of the modern large-mammalian faunas, driven by the ecomorphological revolution of local mammalian communities following a regional mass extinction, “the Central Asian Tortonian Crisis”. We propose that the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau altered Central Asia’s hydrological system, promoting aridification and earlier d..., , , # Data from: Central Asian radiation of modern large-mammal faunas in mid-Miocene

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.31zcrjdwz](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.31zcrjdwz)

## Description of the data and file structure

A supertree was constructed for large terrestrial mammals of the Late Cenozoic (Data S1–S5). The supertree includes 1246 genera from nine orders: Primates, Pholidota, Carnivora, Creodonta, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, and Tubulidentata. These taxa spanned Eurasia, Africa, and North America, and dated back to the beginning of the Miocene (~23 Ma). The data were sourced from the NOW and Deepbone databases.

For quantifying the relationships between any two faunas of which all taxa were included on the supertree, we developed a new method: Faunal Phylogenetic Contribution (FPC). For details, please see the paper. The FPCs were calculated using MATLAB R2023b (Code S1) with detailed descriptions, including sensitive tests of FPC.

Generation and extinction...,

阐明现代动物群的形成机制，对于理解哺乳动物演化响应新生代（Cenozoic）全球气候与构造变化至关重要。然而晚新生代（Late Cenozoic）期间各大陆间复杂的动物群交流，使得识别动物群演化与迁移的通用模式颇具挑战。本研究开发了一种全新方法——类群系统发育贡献度（Faunal Phylogenetic Contribution, FPC），基于超级树（supertree）中的类群距离量化动物群间的亲缘关系。研究结果显示，中亚动物群呈现两次显著的扩张阶段：19~16 Ma（通古尔前期激增）与11~9 Ma（保和期激增）。其中后一阶段与现代大型哺乳动物动物群的形成直接相关，其驱动因素为区域大规模灭绝事件“中亚托尔通阶危机（Central Asian Tortonian Crisis）”后，当地哺乳动物群落的生态形态革命。本研究提出，青藏高原（Tibetan Plateau）的快速隆升改变了中亚的水文系统，推动了区域干旱化与更早的……
# 数据来源：现代大型哺乳动物群在中新世（Miocene）中期的中亚辐射演化
[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.31zcrjdwz]

## 数据与文件结构说明
本研究为晚新生代（Late Cenozoic）陆生大型哺乳动物构建了一棵超级树（supertree）（数据S1~S5）。该超级树涵盖9个目共1246个属：灵长目（Primates）、鳞甲目（Pholidota）、食肉目（Carnivora）、肉齿目（Creodonta）、奇蹄目（Perissodactyla）、偶蹄目（Artiodactyla）、长鼻目（Proboscidea）、蹄兔目（Hyracoidea）和管齿目（Tubulidentata）。这些类群的分布范围涵盖欧亚大陆、非洲与北美，其年代可追溯至中新世（Miocene）初期（约23 Ma）。数据集来源于NOW数据库与Deepbone数据库。

为量化任意两个包含于该超级树中的动物群间的亲缘关系，本研究开发了全新方法类群系统发育贡献度（FPC），具体细节请参见原文。FPC的计算借助MATLAB R2023b完成（代码S1），并附带详细说明，包括FPC的敏感性检验。
物种形成与灭绝……