Phytochemical characteristics of root volatiles and extracts of <i>Achillea collina</i> Becker genotypes

Recently, several publications revealed the presence of potentially active volatile substances in the roots of yarrow species. Though their specific function is not clear, they are supposed to have an important role in plant–environment interactions. In the present paper, chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oil (EO), headspace (HS) volatiles and dichloromethane extracts (DE) of the roots of 10 different Achillea collina Becker accessions were analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS and compared. Volatility and solubility of active ingredients and the sensitivity of extraction methods resulted in different chemical compositions. Only a few of the main constituents (alismol, (E)-β-farnesene, β-sesquiphellandrene and neryl esters) were found in each extract type. In the EOs, the main compound was component with RI 1874 tentatively identified as heptadecen-7-one (28.9–43.0%). Albene (20.8–52.1%) and β-pinene (8.3–47.1%) were the most represented constituents among HS volatiles. The main and universal constituents of DEs were component with RI 1874 tentatively identified as heptadecen-7-one, linoleic acid, 2,4,6-decatrienoic acid piperideide, sterols (RI 3280, 3338 and 3360) and a triterpene (RI 3456) which together amounted 34.4–61.7% of the extracts.近年来多项研究证实，蓍草属（yarrow）植物的根部含有具有潜在活性的挥发性物质。尽管其具体功能尚未明确，但这类物质被推测在植物-环境互作过程中发挥关键作用。本研究采用气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器（GC-FID）与气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS），对10份不同的山蓍草（Achillea collina Becker）种质材料的根部水蒸气蒸馏精油（EO）、顶空（HS）挥发性成分以及二氯甲烷提取物（DE）的化学组成进行了分析与比较。活性成分的挥发性、溶解性以及提取方法的特性差异，导致不同提取方式得到的化学组成存在显著区别。仅有少数主要成分（泽泻醇（alismol）、(E)-β-法呢烯（(E)-β-farnesene）、β-倍半萜菲兰烯（β-sesquiphellandrene）以及橙花酯类（neryl esters））在三种提取类型中均有检出。在水蒸气蒸馏精油中，占比最高的组分为保留指数（RI）1874的组分，经初步鉴定为7-十七碳烯酮（heptadecen-7-one），占比达28.9%~43.0%。在顶空挥发性成分中，白檀烯（Albene，20.8%~52.1%）与β-蒎烯（β-pinene，8.3%~47.1%）为占比最高的两类成分。二氯甲烷提取物的主要且普遍存在的成分为保留指数1874的7-十七碳烯酮、亚油酸（linoleic acid）、2,4,6-癸三烯酰哌啶（2,4,6-decatrienoic acid piperideide）、保留指数分别为3280、3338与3360的甾醇类物质，以及保留指数3456的一种三萜类化合物，上述成分总占比可达提取物的34.4%~61.7%。