Demographic characteristics of physicians.

Objectives
The current status of antimicrobial prescription knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) landscape regarding antimicrobial prescriptions among the physicians in southwestern China was evaluated in this study. The objective of this study was to pinpoint the weak areas in the physicians’ antimicrobial prescription KAP and provide targeted recommendations.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a multi-stage sampling method was adopted to select 192 primary care institutions from 9 prefecture-level administrative divisions in southwest China, and questionnaires were distributed to the physicians within these institutions. The KAP score of antimicrobial prescription among the physicians was calculated. Variables on the demographic characteristics of the physicians were also collected. For comparisons between groups on single-factor variables, t-tests or one-way analysis of variance, while multiple linear regression was utilized to further explore the influencing factors.
Results
A total of 518 physicians were included in this study. The physicians’ average scores for antimicrobial prescription KAP were 3.98 ± 1.85 (<50%, poor level), 41.97 ± 4.59 (50–79%, average level), and 40.01 ± 5.63(>80%, good level), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that work duration significantly influenced physicians’ antimicrobial prescription knowledge and attitude levels, whereas sex was the primary factor affecting their antimicrobial prescription attitude and practices levels (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Among the physicians in southwest China, the overall score for antimicrobial prescription knowledge was relatively low, the scores for prescription attitudes and practices were generally average and high. These results provide valuable insights for relevant departments and institutions regarding physicians’ antimicrobial prescription KAP in primary care institutions, thereby guiding the optimization of policies and the development of targeted interventions.

## 研究目标
本研究旨在评估中国西南地区医师抗菌药物处方（antimicrobial prescription）相关知识、态度与实践（Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices，以下简称KAP）现状，明确医师抗菌药物处方KAP中的薄弱环节，并据此提出针对性改进建议。
## 研究方法
本研究为横断面研究（cross-sectional study），采用多阶段抽样（multi-stage sampling）方法，从中国西南地区9个地级行政区中抽取192家基层医疗机构（primary care institutions），向这些机构内的医师发放调查问卷。研究计算了医师抗菌药物处方KAP得分，同时收集了医师的人口统计学特征（demographic characteristics）变量。组间单因素变量比较采用t检验（t-test）或单因素方差分析（one-way analysis of variance），进一步通过多重线性回归（multiple linear regression）探究相关影响因素。
## 研究结果
本研究共纳入518名医师。医师抗菌药物处方KAP的平均得分分别为：3.98±1.85（<50%，较差水平）、41.97±4.59（50%~79%，中等水平）以及40.01±5.63（>80%，良好水平）。多因素分析显示，从业年限对医师抗菌药物处方知识与态度水平具有显著影响，而性别是影响其抗菌药物处方态度与实践水平的主要因素（P<0.05）。
## 研究结论
中国西南地区基层医疗机构医师的抗菌药物处方知识整体得分偏低，而处方态度与实践得分总体处于中等至良好水平。本研究结果可为相关部门及机构针对基层医疗机构医师抗菌药物处方KAP的优化提供参考依据，进而指导政策完善与针对性干预措施的制定。