Herbarium-Derived Phenological Data in North America

We present infrastructure for developing large-scale and long-term phenological datasets across multiple herbaria, as well as a sample dataset that has been acquired from the digital archives of 440 distinct herbaria across North America and further processed to evaluate phenological status. This dataset contains 2,319,672 specimen records of plants collected while reproductively active. These data have been modified to explicitly codify the observed phenological status of each specimen at the time of collection, and to remove specimens for which information essential to assessing their phenology or the corresponding climate conditions in the year and location of collection were missing. As different collectors have used distinct taxonomic schema over space and time in documenting the specimens being collected, these data were also rectified into a single unified taxonomic schema to ensure that consistent taxon names were used throughout the dataset. Further, this data has been united with long-term and annual climate conditions in the year and location of collection, as derived from PRISM climate data (https://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/). To date, this data includes 2,319,672 specimens across 25,429 plant taxa. However, this represents a living dataset that will continue to be updated as digitization efforts proceed and additional digital specimen records become available.

本研究构建了用于跨多标本馆（herbarium）构建大规模长期物候数据集的基础设施，并发布了一套示例数据集：该数据集源自北美440家独立标本馆的数字档案，经进一步处理以评估标本的物候状态。该数据集包含2319672条处于生殖活跃期的植物标本记录。本数据集已进行标准化处理：一是明确标注每份标本采集时的观测物候状态；二是剔除了那些无法获取评估物候所需关键信息，或采集年份与地点对应气候数据缺失的标本。由于不同采集者在不同时空维度下采用的分类学框架存在差异，本数据集已校正为统一的分类学标准，确保全数据集使用一致的分类单元（taxon）名称。此外，本数据集已与采集年份及地点的长期、年度气候数据进行关联，气候数据源自PRISM气候数据集（https://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/）。截至目前，本数据集共涵盖25429个植物分类单元的2319672份标本。但本数据集属于动态更新的数据集，后续将随着标本数字化工作的推进以及更多数字标本记录的公开而持续更新。