Association between bacterial microbiota composition and oral vaccine response among Indian infants enrolled in a zinc/probiotic supplementation trial. ZPS study

Oral rotavirus vaccines have consistently proven to be less immunogenic among infants in developing countries. Discrepancies in bacterial microbiota composition may contribute to this trend. To test this hypothesis, we performed a nested case–control study in Vellore, India, in which we sequenced the 16S rRNA gene V4 region of 170 infants who responded serologically or not after two doses of Rotarix delivered at 6 and 10 weeks of age as part of a clinical trial (CTRI/2012/05/002677). Infants received trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine at the same time as each Rotarix dose. We observed no consistent differences in composition or diversity of the 16S bacterial microbiota according to rotavirus seroconversion, although rotavirus shedding was associated with slightly more bacterial taxa pre-vaccination.

口服轮状病毒疫苗（Oral rotavirus vaccines）在发展中国家的婴儿群体中始终表现出较低的免疫原性。肠道细菌微生物群组成的差异或可解释这一现象。为验证该假说，我们在印度韦洛尔开展了一项巢式病例对照研究：针对一项临床试验（CTRI/2012/05/002677）中，于6周和10周龄接种两剂Rotarix疫苗后出现血清学应答或无应答的170名婴儿，对其样本的16S rRNA基因V4区域进行了测序。每名婴儿在接种每一剂Rotarix疫苗的同期，还接种了三价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗。尽管疫苗接种前的轮状病毒排毒与更多的细菌分类单元存在微弱关联，但我们并未观察到与轮状病毒血清阳转相关的16S细菌微生物群组成或多样性存在一致性差异。