Supplementary Information and dataset for "Synergistic alleviation of lake eutrophication and carbon emission by macrophyte restoration"

Algal blooms induced by eutrophication not only deteriorate water quality but also enhance greenhouse emissions. Although the theory of multiple stable states suggests macrophyte restoration can reverse algal-domination in lakes, associated ecosystem climate benefits are rarely considered. Based on a recent mass balance model, we highlight macrophyte restoration as a promising strategy to synergistically alleviate lake eutrophication and carbon emission. We found a general decrease in carbon dioxide equivalents (ΔCO2-eq) after macrophyte restoration, then we discussed the potential pathways that macrophyte restoration decreases carbon emission. It is also noteworthy that such net climate benefits are much dependent on the applied restoration species and ecosystem management via associated trade-offs between CO2 sequestration and methane (CH4) emissions. Our study emphasizes the significance of macrophyte restoration for their important roles in enhancing water quality and carbon sink in lakes.

富营养化诱发的水华（algal blooms）不仅会恶化水质，还会加剧温室气体排放。尽管多稳态理论表明大型水生植物修复（macrophyte restoration）可逆转湖泊的藻型主导状态，但相关的生态系统气候效益却鲜有考量。本研究基于最新的质量平衡模型（mass balance model），指出大型水生植物修复是一种可协同缓解湖泊富营养化与碳排放的极具潜力的策略。研究发现，大型水生植物修复后，二氧化碳当量（ΔCO₂-eq）整体呈下降趋势；随后本研究探讨了大型水生植物修复降低碳排放的潜在路径。值得注意的是，这类净气候效益在很大程度上取决于所选用的修复物种与生态系统管理策略，其核心在于协调二氧化碳固存（CO₂ sequestration）与甲烷（CH₄）排放之间的权衡关系。本研究强调了大型水生植物修复的重要意义，因其在改善湖泊水质与增强湖泊碳汇（carbon sink）功能方面发挥着关键作用。