Calm data at station Samoylov (2024)

Understanding permafrost processes and changes requires long-term observational datasets. This dataset is a continuation of the dataset available from the long-term observational site Samoylov, located in the Lena River Delta, Siberia (72.37 °N, 126.48 °E). The location is characterized by a cold, dry tundra climate with mean annual air temperature of −11.7 °C (using years with complete data between 1998 and 2017). The mean monthly temperatures over this period varied between 9.4 °C in the warmest month (July) and −31.7 °C in the coldest month (February). The average summer rainfall (June-October) was 145.2 mm. This dataset adds recent years to the observations of meteorological parameters, energy balance, and subsurface observations which have been recorded since 1998. The instrumentation, calibration, processing and data quality control is explained in Boike et al. (2019). The data provide observations of temporally variable parameters that mitigate energy fluxes between permafrost and atmosphere. The meteorological observations include snow depth, snow temperature, liquid precipitation, water level, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure and radiation fluxes. The below ground sensors measure ground heat flux, active layer and permafrost temperature, soil volumetric water content, relative permittivity, and soil bulk electrical conductivity. Those variables were measured at various depths and beneath different microtopographic features (a polygon center, a rim, a slope, and a trough), representing landscape heterogeneity. The data also include observations of active layer depth twice per month in summer at 150 points on a regular grid. The observations are suitable for use in integrating, calibrating and testing permafrost as a component in Earth System Models. The resulting quality-controlled dataset is unique in the Arctic and serves as a baseline for future studies.

要阐明冻土过程及其变化规律，需依托长期观测数据集。本数据集是位于西伯利亚勒拿河三角洲（北纬72.37°，东经126.48°）的长期观测站点萨莫伊洛夫（Samoylov）所发布数据集的延续版本。该区域属寒冷干燥的苔原气候，以1998—2017年完整观测年段计算的年平均气温为-11.7℃。此期间的月平均气温波动范围为最暖月7月的9.4℃至最冷月2月的-31.7℃。夏季（6—10月）平均降水量达145.2毫米。本数据集在1998年起持续采集的气象参数、能量平衡及地下观测数据基础上，补充了近年的观测序列。仪器布设、校准方法、数据处理流程及数据质量控制方案详见Boike等人（2019）的研究成果。本数据集收录了可反映冻土与大气间能量通量交换过程的时变参数观测数据。气象观测内容包括雪深、雪温、液态降水量、水位、气温、相对湿度、风速与风向、大气压强及辐射通量。地下传感器则观测地热通量、活动层与冻土温度、土壤体积含水量、相对介电常数以及土壤体积电导率。上述变量在不同深度以及不同微地形特征（多边形中心、边缘、斜坡与沟槽）下开展观测，以表征景观异质性。数据集还包含夏季每月两次的规则网格150个测点的活动层厚度观测值。该观测数据集可用于将冻土作为地球系统模型（Earth System Models）的组成部分进行集成、校准与验证。本经严格质量控制的数据集在北极地区具有独特科研价值，可作为未来相关研究的基准参照。