应急管理部发布2019年上半年全国自然灾害基本情况

应急管理部发布2019年上半年 全国自然灾害基本情况 近日，应急管理部会同工业和信息化部、自然资源部、交通运输部、水利部、农业农村部、卫生健康委、统计局、气象局、银保监会、粮食和储备局、林草局、中央军委联合参谋部和政治工作部、红十字会总会、中国国家铁路集团有限公司等部门和单位对2019年上半年全国自然灾害情况进行了会商分析。经核定，上半年，我国自然灾害以洪涝、地震灾害为主，干旱、风雹、地质、低温冷冻、雪灾和森林草原火灾等灾害也有不同程度发生。各种自然灾害共造成全国3180.3万人次受灾，336人死亡，23人失踪，82.8万人次紧急转移安置；3.6万间房屋倒塌，9.6万间房屋严重损坏，45.1万间房屋一般损坏；农作物受灾面积3947.4千公顷，其中绝收321.4千公顷；直接经济损失763.6亿元。总的看，上半年全国灾情较近10年、近5年同期均值偏轻，但较2018年同期偏重，灾害损失时空分布相对集中，洪涝、地震等灾情主要集中在6月份。 上半年，全国自然灾害主要有以下特点： 一、洪涝灾害“南多北少” 我国共出现20次大范围强降雨天气过程，总体呈现“南多北少”的分布格局。5月下旬至6月，南方地区连续出现6次强降雨过程，江南中南部、华南北部降水量较常年同期偏多2－4成，局地雨量较常年偏多1－2倍。多轮暴雨洪涝过程重叠造成江西、广东、广西等南方多省灾情严重。华北、黄淮、内蒙古等部分地区降水量较常年偏少3－6成，北方未出现较大洪涝灾害。据统计，上半年洪涝和地质灾害共造成全国1576.1万人次受灾，222人死亡、21人失踪，71.1万人次紧急转移安置，3.2万间房屋倒塌，直接经济损失423.5亿元。 二、地震活动较为活跃 我国大陆地区共发生5级以上地震11次，其中6级以上地震2次。4月24日西藏自治区林芝市墨脱县发生6.3级地震，是上半年我国大陆地区震级最高的地震。6月17日四川长宁发生6.0级地震，此后又相继发生3次5级以上余震，是上半年我国大陆地区灾情最重的地震。据统计，地震灾害共造成全国41.7万人次受灾，15人死亡，9.1万人次紧急转移安置；3000余间房屋倒塌，大量房屋不同程度损坏。 三、个别省份旱灾相对较重 云南、山东、四川、河南、内蒙古等9省（区）部分地区降雨偏少、气温偏高，多地出现不同程度旱情，其中云南、山东旱情相对突出。2－5月，云南省大部出现冬春连旱，累计降水量较常年同期偏少5－8成。山东省5－6月平均降雨量较常年偏少5成以上。近期，受降雨天气影响，多地旱情有所缓和。据统计，干旱灾害共造成全国1585.7千公顷农作物受灾，直接经济损失71.2亿元。 四、风雹灾害侵袭北方局地 我国共出现24次强对流天气过程，较近5年同期（28次）偏少4次，影响县域数量较近5年同期偏少37%，但北方局地强度较强。内蒙古中部、河北西北部、天津北部、北京等地都曾发生超过10级大风，造成局地损失较重。据统计，风雹灾害共造成全国532.5万人次受灾，43人死亡、2人失踪，1.7万人次紧急转移安置，1100余间房屋倒塌，9.9万间房屋不同程度损坏，直接经济损失75.9亿元。 五、雪灾和低温冷冻灾害年初集中发生 我国共出现4次大范围雨雪天气过程，其中青海省玉树、果洛等地冬季连续出现12次明显降雪过程，造成部分乡镇道路中断，农牧业损失严重。春季，北方地区出现5次大范围冷空气过程，内蒙古、河北、陕西、宁夏等地农作物遭受低温（霜）冻害。据统计，低温冷冻和雪灾共造成全国130.3万人次受灾，农作物受灾面积213.8千公顷，直接经济损失16亿元。

Ministry of Emergency Management Released Basic Situation of National Natural Disasters in the First Half of 2019

Recently, the Ministry of Emergency Management, together with relevant departments and units including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Health Commission, National Bureau of Statistics, China Meteorological Administration, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Joint Staff Department and Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission, Red Cross Society of China, and China State Railway Group Co., Ltd., conducted a consultation and analysis on the national natural disaster situation in the first half of 2019. After verification, in the first half of the year, natural disasters in China were dominated by floods and earthquakes, while disasters such as droughts, wind and hail disasters, geological disasters, low-temperature freezing, snow disasters and forest and grassland fires also occurred to varying degrees.

All kinds of natural disasters caused a total of 31.803 million people to be affected, 336 deaths, 23 missing persons, and 828,000 people were urgently transferred and resettled; 36,000 houses collapsed, 96,000 houses were severely damaged, and 451,000 houses were moderately damaged; the affected crop area reached 3,947.4 thousand hectares, of which 321.4 thousand hectares suffered total crop failure; the direct economic losses amounted to 76.36 billion yuan.

Overall, the national disaster situation in the first half of the year was lighter than the average level of the same period in the past 10 years and 5 years, but heavier than that of the same period in 2018. The temporal and spatial distribution of disaster losses was relatively concentrated, with floods, earthquakes and other disasters mainly concentrated in June.

The main characteristics of national natural disasters in the first half of the year are as follows:

1. Flood Disasters: "More in the South, Less in the North"
China witnessed 20 large-scale heavy rainfall weather processes, generally presenting a distribution pattern of "more in the south, less in the north". From late May to June, southern China experienced 6 consecutive heavy rainfall processes. The precipitation in central and southern Jiangnan and northern South China was 20%-40% higher than the same period of normal years, and the local rainfall was 100%-200% higher than normal. The overlapping of multiple rounds of rainstorm and flood processes caused severe disasters in many southern provinces such as Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi. Precipitation in parts of North China, Huanghuai Region and Inner Mongolia was 30%-60% lower than normal, and no major flood disasters occurred in northern China. According to statistics, floods and geological disasters in the first half of the year caused 15.761 million people to be affected, 222 deaths, 21 missing persons, 711,000 people urgently transferred and resettled, 32,000 houses collapsed, with direct economic losses of 42.35 billion yuan.

2. Relatively Active Seismic Activity
A total of 11 earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 and above occurred in mainland China, including 2 earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 and above. On April 24, a 6.3-magnitude earthquake struck Motuo County, Nyingchi City, Tibet Autonomous Region, which was the strongest earthquake in mainland China in the first half of the year. On June 17, a 6.0-magnitude earthquake occurred in Changning, Sichuan, followed by 3 subsequent aftershocks of magnitude 5.0 and above, which was the earthquake causing the most severe disaster losses in mainland China in the first half of the year. According to statistics, the earthquake disaster caused 417,000 people to be affected, 15 deaths, 91,000 people urgently transferred and resettled; more than 3,000 houses collapsed, and a large number of houses were damaged to varying degrees.

3. Relatively Severe Drought Disasters in Individual Provinces
Some areas in 9 provinces (autonomous regions) including Yunnan, Shandong, Sichuan, Henan and Inner Mongolia had less rainfall and higher temperatures, and droughts of varying degrees occurred in many places, among which Yunnan and Shandong had relatively prominent drought situations. From February to May, most parts of Yunnan experienced winter-spring consecutive drought, with accumulated precipitation 50%-80% lower than the same period of normal years. The average rainfall in Shandong Province from May to June was more than 50% lower than normal. Recently, affected by rainfall weather, the drought situation in many places has eased. According to statistics, drought disasters caused a total affected crop area of 1,585.7 thousand hectares, with direct economic losses of 7.12 billion yuan.

4. Wind and Hail Disasters Hit Parts of Northern China
China witnessed 24 severe convective weather processes, 4 less than the same period of the past 5 years (28 times), and the number of affected counties was 37% lower than the same period of the past 5 years, but the intensity in parts of northern China was relatively strong. Central Inner Mongolia, northwestern Hebei, northern Tianjin, Beijing and other places experienced winds exceeding force 10, causing relatively severe local losses. According to statistics, wind and hail disasters caused 5.325 million people to be affected, 43 deaths, 2 missing persons, 17,000 people urgently transferred and resettled, more than 1,100 houses collapsed, 99,000 houses damaged to varying degrees, with direct economic losses of 7.59 billion yuan.

5. Snow Disasters and Low-Temperature Freezing Disasters Occurred Intensively at the Beginning of the Year
China witnessed 4 large-scale rain and snow weather processes. Among them, Yushu and Guoluo Prefectures, Qinghai Province experienced 12 obvious snowfall processes consecutively in winter, causing road interruptions in some towns and townships and severe losses to agriculture and animal husbandry. In spring, northern China experienced 5 large-scale cold air processes, and crops in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shaanxi, Ningxia and other places suffered low-temperature (frost) damage. According to statistics, low-temperature freezing and snow disasters caused 1.303 million people to be affected, the affected crop area was 213.8 thousand hectares, with direct economic losses of 1.6 billion yuan.