WP2 net meta data from F/V Great Pacific GP0108, GP0207-01, GP0207-02 in the Coastal Gulf of Alaska, Northeast Pacific from 2001-2002 (NEP project)

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Gulf of Alaska - LTOP WP2 net - meta data, 2001-2002 PI: all tows are vertical hauls, 253-micron mesh. GLOBEC 2000: Gulf of Alaska Long-Term Observation Program T. Weingartner, L. Haldorson, R. Hopcroft, K. Coyle, T. E. Whitledge (all at University of Alaska, Fairbanks), T. Royer (Old Dominion University) This project is to conduct the Gulf of Alaska Long-Term Observation Program (GOA-LTOP) as part of Phase II of the Northeast Pacific (NEP) GLOBEC program. The GOA shelf supports a rich ecosystem that includes many commercially important fisheries. The basis for this productivity is enigmatic for the GOA shelf is deep, forced by downwelling-favorable winds, and fed by a massive nutrient-poor coastal freshwater discharge. Both the winds and the freshwater discharge are intimately linked to the strength and position of the Aleutian Low. The GOA ecosystem experiences substantial physical and biological changes on decadal and interannual time scales. Although some of these changes are correlated with various climatic indices a mechanistic understanding of climate change and ecosystem response is unavailable. The generic goal of this LTOP is to understand and quantify temporal (seasonal and interannual) and spatial (cross- and along-shelf) variations in the thermohaline, chemical, and biological properties and relationships of this shelf. Our proposal supports GLOBEC goals that will help: 1) retrospective studies interpret historical data, 2) design a cost-effective long-term monitoring program, 3) provide the seasonal and interannual context for concurrent mesoscale and process studies, and 4) provide boundary conditions and data sets for model evaluation. This 5-year project entails 4 field years and a fifth year for data analyses and synthesis. The field effort involves seven, 9-day interdisciplinary cruises/year in the northern GOA. The study area encompasses the 220-km long, Seward Line (sampled in the 1970s) that extends across the shelf and slope and high resolution sampling of the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC), upstream, downstream, and within Prince William Sound. The ACC is an important shelf habitat for yoy salmon migrating from nursery areas in the sound and into the GOA. The sampling effort (Table A) is year-round and motivated by seasonally significant physical and biological events affecting yoy pink salmon. Table A. Sampling schedule and rationale for GOA-LTOP. (Key for Winds, Discharge and Stratification: S=strong; M=moderate; W=weak; D=downwelling winds; U=upwelling winds; V=variable; L=low; H=high) Deep water moves onshore during the July-August upwelling period. <table border=\"1\"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\">Month</th> <th colspan=\"4\" rowspan=\"1\">Sampling</th> <th colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"1\">Physical Rationale</th> <th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\">Biological Rationale</th> </tr> <tr> <td>CTD</td> <td>Nutrients</td> <td>Zoo</td> <td>Fish</td> <td>Winds</td> <td>Disch</td> <td>Strat</td> </tr> <tr> <td>March</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td> </td> <td>D S</td> <td>L</td> <td>W</td> <td>Zooplankton migrate from depth (at shelfbreak); transported inshore.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>April</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td> </td> <td>D M</td> <td>L-M</td> <td>W V</td> <td>Phytoplankton bloom</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td> </td> <td>D M-W</td> <td>M</td> <td>M V</td> <td>Maximum oceanic copepod biomass.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>July</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>D/U W</td> <td>M-H</td> <td>S</td> <td>Maximum zooplankton abundance; YOY salmon enter shelf.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>August</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>D/U W</td> <td>M-H</td> <td>S</td> <td>Maximum YOY salmon abundance on shelf.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>October</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>D S</td> <td>H</td> <td>H</td> <td>YOY salmon on shelf.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>December</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td>X</td> <td> </td> <td>D S</td> <td>M</td> <td>M</td> <td>Fall-winter pre-conditioning for spring nutrients, small zooplankton.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The sampling protocol follows GLOBEC guidelines and uses gear types and techniques similar to those in the Oregon LTOP that is also a part of the NEP-GLOBEC program. Most of the research will be conducted from the R/V Alpha Helix. Fish sampling will be done from a chartered trawler in July, August, and October. Both vessels will work together during these cruises so that the fishing charter can verify fish targets detected on the acoustics array towed from the Alpha Helix. This page was last updated on September 22, 2000. Maintained by: <a href=\"mailto:hbatchelder@coas.oregonstate.edu\">Hal Batchelder [hbatchelder@coas.oregonstate.edu</a> College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331-5503 phone: 541-737-4500; FAX 541-737-2064

阿拉斯加湾——长期观测项目（Long-Term Observation Program, LTOP） WP2 网元数据，2001-2002年 项目负责人：所有采样拖网均采用垂直拖曳方式，网目孔径为253微米。 全球海洋生态系统动力学研究计划（Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics, GLOBEC）2000：阿拉斯加湾长期观测项目（Gulf of Alaska Long-Term Observation Program, GOA-LTOP） T. Weingartner、L. Haldorson、R. Hopcroft、K. Coyle、T. E. Whitledge（均任职于阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校），T. Royer（任职于奥多明尼昂大学） 本项目作为东北太平洋（Northeast Pacific, NEP）GLOBEC计划第二阶段的组成部分，旨在开展阿拉斯加湾长期观测项目（GOA-LTOP）。阿拉斯加湾陆架孕育了包含诸多重要商业渔业在内的丰富生态系统。该陆架海域高生产力的成因却颇为神秘：深层水体受下沉风场驱动而上涌，同时由大量营养匮乏的沿岸淡水径流补给。风场与淡水径流均与阿留申低压的强度及位置密切相关。阿拉斯加湾生态系统在年代际与年际尺度上会发生显著的物理与生物变化，尽管其中部分变化与各类气候指数存在相关性，但目前尚未形成对气候变化与生态系统响应的机制性理解。本长期观测项目的总体目标是理解并量化该陆架海域温盐、化学及生物属性及其相互关系在时间（季节与年际）与空间（跨陆架与沿陆架）维度上的变化。本提案旨在支撑GLOBEC的核心目标，具体包括：1）辅助回顾性研究解读历史观测数据；2）设计兼具成本效益的长期监测方案；3）为同期中尺度过程与专项研究提供季节与年际尺度的背景信息；4）为模型评估提供边界条件与数据集。本项目为期5年，包含4个野外作业年度与1个数据分析与综合年度。野外作业每年将在阿拉斯加湾北部开展7次为期9天的多学科巡航。研究区域涵盖总长220公里的斯沃德断面（Seward Line，该断面于1970年代已开展采样），该断面横跨陆架与陆坡，同时对阿拉斯加沿岸流（Alaska Coastal Current, ACC）的上游、下游及威廉王子湾内部进行高分辨率采样。阿拉斯加沿岸流是幼龄鲑鱼从湾内育苗场迁移至阿拉斯加湾的关键栖息生境。本采样工作（详见附表A）全年开展，其设计初衷为捕获影响幼龄粉红鲑的季节性关键物理与生物事件。 附表A. GOA-LTOP采样计划与科学依据。（风场、径流与层化说明：S=强；M=中等；W=弱；D=下沉风；U=上升风；V=多变；L=低；H=高）深水在7-8月上升期向近岸移动。 <table border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="1" rowspan="2">月份</th> <th colspan="4" rowspan="1">采样内容</th> <th colspan="3" rowspan="1">物理科学依据</th> <th colspan="1" rowspan="2">生物科学依据</th> </tr> <tr> <th>温盐深剖面仪（CTD）</th> <th>营养盐</th> <th>浮游动物</th> <th>鱼类</th> <th>风场</th> <th>径流</th> <th>层化</th> </tr> <tr> <td>3月</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>—</td> <td>D S</td> <td>L</td> <td>W</td> <td>浮游动物从陆架坡折处的深水向近岸迁移。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4月</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>—</td> <td>D M</td> <td>L-M</td> <td>W V</td> <td>浮游植物水华发生。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5月</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>—</td> <td>D M-W</td> <td>M</td> <td>M V</td> <td>海洋桡足类生物量达到峰值。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7月</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>D/U W</td> <td>M-H</td> <td>S</td> <td>浮游动物丰度达到峰值；幼龄鲑鱼进入陆架海域。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8月</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>D/U W</td> <td>M-H</td> <td>S</td> <td>幼龄鲑鱼在陆架的丰度达到峰值。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10月</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>D S</td> <td>H</td> <td>H</td> <td>幼龄鲑鱼活跃于陆架海域。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12月</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>√</td> <td>—</td> <td>D S</td> <td>M</td> <td>M</td> <td>为春季营养盐与小型浮游动物提供秋冬预适应环境。</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> 本采样方案遵循GLOBEC规范，所用设备与技术与同属NEP-GLOBEC计划的俄勒冈州长期观测项目（Oregon LTOP）一致。大部分研究工作将由“Alpha Helix”号科考船完成。鱼类采样将于7月、8月及10月通过租用拖网渔船开展。在上述巡航期间，两艘船只将协同作业，以便租用拖网渔船能够验证“Alpha Helix”号拖曳声学阵列所探测到的鱼类目标。 本页面最后更新于2000年9月22日。 维护者： <a href="mailto:hbatchelder@coas.oregonstate.edu">Hal Batchelder [hbatchelder@coas.oregonstate.edu]</a> 海洋与大气科学学院 俄勒冈州立大学 科瓦利斯，俄勒冈州 97331-5503 电话：541-737-4500；传真：541-737-2064

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2025-03-09