Production and quality of cowpea seeds desiccated with saflufenacil and flumioxazin

ABSTRACT The use of desiccants allows to anticipate cowpea harvest at a time closer to physiological maturity. The desiccants saflufenacil and flumioxazin promote the drying and falling of leaves and loss of water from seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of saflufenacil and flumioxazin doses applied to the cowpea crop on the production and quality of seeds at harvest and after storage for six months. Two experiments were carried out in a split-plot design (5 × 2). In the first experiment, the main factor consisted of saflufenacil doses (0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 g ai ha-1), while the second factor consisted of evaluation periods (after harvest and six months after harvest). In the second experiment, the main factor consisted of flumioxazin doses (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g ai ha-1) and the second factor consisted of the same evaluation periods. The treatments were designed in randomized blocks, with four replications. Saflufenacil application from 25 g ha-1 compromised the yield components and technological quality, while flumioxazin doses did not affect the yield components. Storage at 20 °C for six months decreased the physiological quality of seeds. Flumioxazin application at cowpea harvest promoted uniformity of maturity and harvest anticipation, without compromising the physiological quality after harvest.

摘要 使用脱叶干燥剂可将豇豆收获期提前至更接近其生理成熟的时段。氯氟草醚（saflufenacil）与氟酰亚胺（flumioxazin）这两种脱叶剂可促进叶片干枯脱落，并降低种子含水量。本研究旨在评估施用于豇豆作物的氯氟草醚与氟酰亚胺剂量，对收获时及贮藏6个月后种子产量与品质的影响。本研究采用裂区设计（split-plot design）开展两组实验。第一组实验的主因子为氯氟草醚施用量（0、25、50、100、150 g 有效成分/公顷），副因子为评估时段（收获后即刻及收获后6个月）；第二组实验的主因子为氟酰亚胺施用量（0、10、20、30、40 g 有效成分/公顷），副因子采用与第一组一致的评估时段。所有处理均采用随机区组设计，设置4次重复。施用25 g 有效成分/公顷及以上剂量的氯氟草醚会损害产量构成要素与种子工艺品质，而氟酰亚胺各剂量均未对产量构成要素产生影响。在20℃条件下贮藏6个月会降低种子的生理品质。在豇豆收获期施用氟酰亚胺可促进成熟一致性并实现收获提前，且不会损害收获后种子的生理品质。