ipaast-czo case study: Dehesa Boyal de Botija

VV01 (“Cerca del cementerio” sector). Data set description. One single geophysical method was used: Electromagnetic induction with a EM38Mk2 by Geonics. Although topography obliged to split the survey area in 3 independent data sets, after correction and merging of all the data in one single data set it was observed that, considering the small time lapse between each one and homogeneous weather conditions, no significant discontinuity in measured data was observed. The interest on testing EMI survey in this dehesa environment within the framework of the IPAAST project was motivated with a triple objective: The aim of exploring off-site activities around the hillfort of Villasviejas: traces of intensive agriculture, industrial activities, dumping areas, mining etc. The aim of assessing the composition and depth of soils in the area in order to evaluate the representativeness of surface finds and make a regression analysis on the potential distribution of arable lands during the Iron Age in the area. The aim of combining geophysical methods commonly used in precision agriculture and archaeology in order to evaluate their interoperability and the complementary information they can provide. VV01 sector corresponds to an area of dehesa named “Cerca del cementerio” (“cemetery enclosure”): it is a land plot 70m SW of the hillfort with a surface of 5240 sq. m. Previous knowledge of the area revealed the presence of a high density of archaeological materials, but there was no clear evidence of buried structures. A particular feature of this sector was the great depth of soil deposits within the walled enclosure, in great contrast with the surrounding fields. Data sets: EMI04. 01 Vector limits of survey area 02 Vector file of point data 03 Raster interpolation of quad-phase (conductivity) 0,5m 04 Raster interpolation of quad-phase (conductivity) 1m 05 Raster interpolation of in-phase (magnetic susceptibility) 0,5m 06 Raster interpolation of in-phase (magnetic susceptibility) 1m VV02 (Mercadillo sector). Data set description. Two main methods were used: Magnetic survey: a dual-sensor gradiometer system (Grad602 Bartington) Electromagnetic induction with a EM38Mk2 by Geonics. Dense vegetation and topography obliged to split the survey area in 3 independent data sets. Additionally several areas were surveyed with GPR (Nogging system of Sensor&Software). The interest on testing different survey methods in the framework of the IPAAST project was motivated with a triple objective: The aim of exploring off-site activities around the hillfort of Villasviejas: traces of intensive agriculture, industrial activities, dumping areas, mining etc. The aim of assessing the composition and depth of soils in the area in order to evaluate the representativeness of surface finds and make a regression analysis on the potential distribution of arable lands during the Iron Age in the area. The aim of combining geophysical methods commonly used in precision agriculture and archaeology in order to evaluate their interoperability and the complementary information they can provide. VV02 sector corresponds to an area of dehesa named “El Mercadillo (“little market”). It is located 150 m south of the hillfort of Villasviejas and covers a surface of approx. 3500 sq m. In this sector was excavated in the 1980s a funerary area corresponding to the earliest period of the hillfort (IV-II centuries B.C). Analysis of LiDAR data revealed that in the same area there were several topographic features that could be linked with off-site activity during the protohistoric and early roman period. Data sets: EMI01. 01 Vector limits of survey area 02 Vector file of point data 03 Raster interpolation of quad-phase (conductivity) 0,5m 04 Raster interpolation of quad-phase (conductivity) 1m 05 Raster interpolation of in-phase (magnetic susceptibility) 0,5m 06 Raster interpolation of in-phase (magnetic susceptibility) 1m EMI02. 01 Vector limits of survey area 02 Vector file of point data 03 Raster interpolation of quad-phase (conductivity) 0,5m 04 Raster interpolation of quad-phase (conductivity) 1m 05 Raster interpolation of in-phase (magnetic susceptibility) 0,5m 06 Raster interpolation of in-phase (magnetic susceptibility) 1m EMI03. 01 Vector limits of survey area 02 Vector file of point data 03 Raster interpolation of quad-phase (conductivity) 0,5m 04 Raster interpolation of quad-phase (conductivity) 1m 05 Raster interpolation of in-phase (magnetic susceptibility) 0,5m 06 Raster interpolation of in-phase (magnetic susceptibility) 1m MAG01. 01 Vector limits of survey area. 02 Vector point file of vertices of survey area. 03 Grid composite. 04 Raster interpolation of magnetic data.VV01（"墓园周边（Cerca del cementerio）"区块）。数据集说明。本次探测仅采用一种地球物理方法：由Geonics公司生产的EM38Mk2型电磁感应仪开展电磁感应勘探。受地形起伏影响，探测区域被划分为3个独立数据集；经校正与合并为单数据集后，考虑到各数据集间的时间间隔较短且天气条件均一，未发现实测数据存在显著不连续性。 本数据集在IPAAST项目框架下开展电磁感应（Electromagnetic Induction, EMI）勘探测试，旨在实现三重目标：一是探究比利亚斯维哈斯山岗设防聚落外围的活动遗迹，包括集约农业、工业活动、垃圾倾倒区、采矿活动等遗存；二是评估区域内的土壤组成与厚度，以验证地表遗存的代表性，并对该区域铁器时代耕地的潜在分布开展回归分析；三是结合精准农业与考古学中常用的地球物理勘探方法，评估其互操作性及可提供的互补信息。 VV01区块对应一处名为"墓园周边（Cerca del cementerio）"的德赫萨（dehesa）牧场地块，位于该山岗设防聚落西南70米处，面积为5240平方米。前期区域勘探结果显示此处存在高密度考古遗存，但未发现明确的埋藏建筑遗迹。该区块的特殊之处在于围合区域内的土壤堆积层厚度远大于周边农田。 数据集：EMI04。 01 探测区域矢量范围文件 02 测点数据矢量文件 03 0.5米分辨率正交相位（电导率）栅格插值结果 04 1米分辨率正交相位（电导率）栅格插值结果 05 0.5米分辨率同相分量（磁化率）栅格插值结果 06 1米分辨率同相分量（磁化率）栅格插值结果 VV02（"小市场（El Mercadillo）"区块）。数据集说明。本次探测采用两种主要方法：磁法勘探：采用Bartington公司Grad602型双传感器梯度仪系统；电磁感应勘探：由Geonics公司生产的EM38Mk2型电磁感应仪开展电磁感应勘探。受茂密植被与地形起伏影响，探测区域被划分为3个独立数据集；此外还采用探地雷达（Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR）对多处区域开展探测（使用Sensor&Software公司的Nogging系统）。 本数据集在IPAAST项目框架下开展多方法勘探测试，旨在实现三重目标：一是探究比利亚斯维哈斯山岗设防聚落外围的活动遗迹，包括集约农业、工业活动、垃圾倾倒区、采矿活动等遗存；二是评估区域内的土壤组成与厚度，以验证地表遗存的代表性，并对该区域铁器时代耕地的潜在分布开展回归分析；三是结合精准农业与考古学中常用的地球物理勘探方法，评估其互操作性及可提供的互补信息。 VV02区块对应一处名为"小市场（El Mercadillo）"的德赫萨牧场地块，位于比利亚斯维哈斯山岗设防聚落南侧150米处，面积约3500平方米。该区块曾于20世纪80年代发掘出一处对应该山岗设防聚落早期阶段（公元前4至公元前2世纪）的墓葬区。激光雷达（Light Detection and Ranging, LiDAR）数据分析结果显示，该区域存在多处可与史前史时期及早期罗马时期外围活动相关联的地形特征。 数据集： EMI01： 01 探测区域矢量范围文件 02 测点数据矢量文件 03 0.5米分辨率正交相位（电导率）栅格插值结果 04 1米分辨率正交相位（电导率）栅格插值结果 05 0.5米分辨率同相分量（磁化率）栅格插值结果 06 1米分辨率同相分量（磁化率）栅格插值结果 EMI02： 01 探测区域矢量范围文件 02 测点数据矢量文件 03 0.5米分辨率正交相位（电导率）栅格插值结果 04 1米分辨率正交相位（电导率）栅格插值结果 05 0.5米分辨率同相分量（磁化率）栅格插值结果 06 1米分辨率同相分量（磁化率）栅格插值结果 EMI03： 01 探测区域矢量范围文件 02 测点数据矢量文件 03 0.5米分辨率正交相位（电导率）栅格插值结果 04 1米分辨率正交相位（电导率）栅格插值结果 05 0.5米分辨率同相分量（磁化率）栅格插值结果 06 1米分辨率同相分量（磁化率）栅格插值结果 MAG01： 01 探测区域矢量范围文件 02 探测区域顶点矢量点文件 03 合成栅格数据 04 磁法数据栅格插值结果