The effects of occupation on health by gender.

This study uses data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2004, 2006, and 2015 and employs a fixed-effects model based on Driscoll-Kraay standard errors to investigate the impact of occupation type, employment type, and work unit type on workers’ health and the underlying mechanisms. The main findings suggest that higher levels of occupation type and employment type are associated with better self-rated health among workers, but simultaneously increase the probability of chronic diseases, demonstrating a “dual effect” of occupational characteristics on health. Additionally, workers in the public sector have a higher probability of chronic diseases and lower self-rated health compared to those in the non-public sector. Furthermore, the impact of occupation type, employment type, and work unit type on health is greater for male workers than for female workers. The negative impact of an increase in occupation type on chronic diseases is significantly higher in the absence of overtime work and for workers engaged in moderate and heavy physical labor. The mechanism analysis reveals that work intensity, labor income, and work hours play a crucial role in explaining the impact of occupation on health, jointly accounting for a significant portion of the impact of employment type on chronic diseases, occupation type on self-rated health, and work unit type on self-rated health.

本研究采用2004年、2006年及2015年中国健康与营养调查（China Health and Nutrition Survey, CHNS）数据，基于德里克-克劳伊（Driscoll-Kraay）标准误构建固定效应模型，探究职业类型、就业类型与单位类型对劳动者健康的影响及其内在作用机制。主要研究结果表明，职业层级与就业层级越高，劳动者自评健康状况越好，但同时罹患慢性病的概率也越高，呈现出职业特征对健康的“双重效应”。此外，与非公共部门劳动者相比，公共部门劳动者罹患慢性病的概率更高，自评健康水平更低。进一步分析发现，职业类型、就业类型与单位类型对健康的影响在男性劳动者中显著强于女性劳动者。职业层级提升所带来的慢性病罹患负面影响，在无加班情形且从事中重度体力劳动的劳动者中显著更强。机制分析结果显示，工作强度、劳动收入与工作时长在解释职业类型对健康的影响中发挥关键作用，三者共同解释了就业类型对慢性病、职业类型对自评健康以及单位类型对自评健康的影响中相当大的比例。