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Fifty years of firn evolution on Grigoriev ice cap, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan

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README Grigoriev data Overview The Grigoriev data collection consists of the following files, which are briefly explained further below.From a relatively large number of files and for clarity, we provide mainly those files which have been directlyused in the generation of figures contained in Machguth et al. (2024). While the use in figurecreation was the main selection criteria, the files have not been truncated to data shown in the figures. The files contain more information than shown in the figures. A few files have been added for completeness althoughnot used to create figures (see below). The data sets provided in this repository are listed in the following. Most of these tables contain relatively raw data. The suggested citations are added in brackets. Please also check Table 1 in Machguth et al. (2024) for potential further references. - 1990_GRG_90_H1-BETA.xlsx (Arkhipov et al., 1996; Thompson et al., 1997)- 1990_GRG_90_H1-CHM.xlsx (Arkhipov et al., 1996; Thompson et al., 1997)- 1990_GRG_90_H1-STRAT.xlsx (Arkhipov et al., 1996; Thompson et al., 1997)- 1990_GRG_90_H2-CHM.xlsx (Arkhipov et al., 1996; Thompson et al., 1997)- 1990_GRG_90_H2-STRAT.xlsx (Arkhipov et al., 1996; Thompson et al., 1997)- 1990_H1-H2_2018_Grigoriev_MI-decadal.xlsx (Arkhipov et al., 1996; Thompson et al., 1997; Machguth et al., 2024)- 2001_GRG_01_S1-EE.xlsx (Arkhipov et al., 2004; Mikhalenko et al., 2005)- 2001_metals.pdf (Usubaliev, 2003)- 2003_GRG03-S1-EE_001.xlsx (Mikhalenko et al., 2005; Kutuzov, 2005)- 2003_GRG03-S2-EE 001.xlsx (Mikhalenko et al., 2005; Kutuzov, 2005)- 2003_pits.xlsx (Mikhalenko et al., 2005; Kutuzov, 2005)- 2003_temperature_density.xlsx (Mikhalenko et al., 2005; Kutuzov, 2005)- 2003_temperature_logger_data.xls (Mikhalenko et al., 2005; Kutuzov, 2005)- 2018_density_stratigraphy_field_and_PSI_by_centimeter.xlsx (Machguth et al., 2024)- 2018_PSI_dating_20230517.xlsx (Eichler et al., 2020; Machguth et al., 2024) Detailed Information 1990_GRG_90_H1-BETA.xlsx: refers to Core 1 1990 (labelled H1 probably for "Hole 1"). Unknown to what the 1991 data refer, likely a repeat measurement. 1990_GRG_90_H1-CHM.xlsx: Chemistry Core 1 1990. 1990_GRG_90_H1-STRAT.xlsx: Stratigraphic information Core 1 1990 1990_GRG_90_H2-CHM.xlsx: Chemistry Core 2 1990 1990_GRG_90_H2-STRAT.xlsx: Stratigraphic information Core 2 1990 1990_H1-H2_2018_Grigoriev_MI-decadal.xlsx: This table we calculated from the 1990 tables as well as the 2018 data for the purpose of visualizing decadal means in MIs (Fig. 7). Decadal dating of the 1990 cores was done based on the bomb horizon of 1963 (Thompson et al., 1993, 1997), decadal picks from Thompson et al. (1993) and personal communication by Lonnie Thompson (email 19 June 2023). 2001_GRG_01_S1-EE.xlsx: 2001 core, stable water isotope ratios, firn temperatures, percentage of infiltration ice, stratigraphy 2003_GRG03-S1-EE_001.xlsx: 2003 51m and 22.6m cores, 51m core was drilled thermally, 22.6m core mechanically. For the latter similar data as for 2001 2003_GRG03-S2-EE 001.xlsx: 2003 21.3m core. Reduced amount of measured parameters compared to e.g. 2001 core. 2003_pits.xlsx: Stratigraphy and density measured in a series of snow pits in 2003. 2003_temperature_density.xlsx: Density and temperature measured in 2003 22.6m core. Comparison of T_ice at 4440 m a.s.l. to 1962 core (Dikikh, 1965) 2003_temperature_logger_data.xls: Firn temperatures measured through a thermistor chain during 3 days in June 2003. Data from 14 June have been used for Fig. 5. 2018_density_stratigraphy_field_and_PSI_by_centimeter.xlsx: 2018 core stratigraphy and density. This is a somwhat outdated file which shows the data per centimetre. The file compares the two measurements of density (only the one from the laboratory was used in Machguth et al., 2024). Also contains visually observed dust layers (not shown in Machguth et al., 2024) 2018_PSI_dating_20230517.xlsx: Complete data from the analysis of the 2018 core. Bibliography Arkhipov, S. M., Mikhalenko, V. N., & Thompson, L. (1996). Struktura i stratigrafiya deyatel’nogo sloya lednika Grigor’eva na Tyan’-Shanye (Structure and stratigraphy of the active layer of the Griroriev glacier in the Tjan-Shan). Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy (Data of Glaciological Studies), 80, 68–83. Arkhipov, S. M., Mikhalenko, V. N., Kunakhovich, M. G., Dikikh, A. N., and Nagornov, O. V.: Termicheskiy reshim, uslovija l’doobrazovanija i akkumulatsija na lednike Grigor’eva (Tyan’-Shan), v 1962–2001 gg. (Thermal regime, types of ice formation and accumulation on the Grigoriev glacier (Tien Shan), 1962–2001), Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy (Dataof Glaciological Studies), 96, 77–83, 2004. Eichler, A., Kronenberg, M., Brütsch, S., Rüthi, M., Heule, M., Schwikowski, M., et al. (2020). Chernobyl horizon in a Central Asian ice core. Annual Report 2019 - Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry - PSI, 31. Kutuzov, S. S.: Prostranstvennie izmenenija i stroenie lednikov vnutrennogo Tyan’-Shanya za poslednie 150 let (Spatial changes and structure of the glaciers of the inner Tien Shan over the last 150years), Master’s thesis, Lomonossov State University, Moskva, 2005. Machguth, H., Eichler, A., Schwikowski, M., Brütsch, S., Mattea, E., Kutuzov, S., et al. (2024). Fifty years of firn evolution on Grigoriev ice cap, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan. The Cryosphere, 18(4), 1633–1646. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1633-2024 Mikhalenko, V. N., Kutuzov, S. S., Fayzrakhmanov, F. F., Nagornov, . B., Thompson, L. G., Kunakhovich, M. G., Arkhipov, S. M., Dikikh, A. N., and Usubaliev, R.: Sokrashhenie oledenenijaTyan’-Shanja v XIX – nachale XXI vv.: rezul’taty kernovoro burenija i izmerenija temperatury v skvazhinakh (Glacier recession in the Tien Shan from the XIX to the beginning of the XXI century:results from ice core drilling and borehole temperature measurements), Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy (Data of Glaciological Studies), 98, 175–182, 2005. Thompson, L. G., Mosley-Thompson, E., Davis, M., Lin, P. N., Yao, T., Dyurgerov, M., & Dal, J. (1993). “Recent warming” ice core evidence from tropical ice cores with emphasis on Central Asia. Global Planet. Change, 7(1–3), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(93)90046-Q Thompson, L. G., Mikhalenko, V., Mosley-Thompson, E., Durgerov, M., Lin, P. N., Moskalevsky, M., et al. (1997). Ice core records of recent climatic variability: Grigoriev and It-Tish ice caps in Central Tien Shan, Central Asia. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy (Data of Glaciological Studies), 81, 100–109. Usubaliev, R. A. (2003). Khimitcheskoe zagryaznenie lednikov Tyan’-Shanya (na primere lednika Grigor’eva) (Chemical pollution of Tien Shan glaciers (on the example of Grigoriev Glacier)). Izvestija Natsional’noy Akademii Nauk Kirgizskoy Respubliki (News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic), 4, 154–160.

# 《格里戈里耶夫数据集自述文件》 ## 概述 格里戈里耶夫数据集包含以下文件,下文将对各文件进行简要说明。鉴于原始文件总量较多,为确保内容清晰可读,本仓库仅收录了直接用于生成Machguth等人(2024)论文附图的核心文件。尽管以满足绘图需求作为主要筛选标准,但本数据集并未仅截取论文插图中展示的数据,文件包含的信息远超论文配图中的内容。另有少量文件为保证数据集完整性而补充,未用于论文附图的生成(详见下文)。 本仓库提供的数据集列表如下。绝大多数表格为原始采集数据,推荐引用文献已标注在方括号中。如需获取更多参考文献,请查阅Machguth等人(2024)论文中的表1。 - 1990_GRG_90_H1-BETA.xlsx (Arkhipov等,1996;Thompson等,1997) - 1990_GRG_90_H1-CHM.xlsx (Arkhipov等,1996;Thompson等,1997) - 1990_GRG_90_H1-STRAT.xlsx (Arkhipov等,1996;Thompson等,1997) - 1990_GRG_90_H2-CHM.xlsx (Arkhipov等,1996;Thompson等,1997) - 1990_GRG_90_H2-STRAT.xlsx (Arkhipov等,1996;Thompson等,1997) - 1990_H1-H2_2018_Grigoriev_MI-decadal.xlsx (Arkhipov等,1996;Thompson等,1997;Machguth等,2024) - 2001_GRG_01_S1-EE.xlsx (Arkhipov等,2004;Mikhalenko等,2005) - 2001_metals.pdf (Usubaliev,2003) - 2003_GRG03-S1-EE_001.xlsx (Mikhalenko等,2005;Kutuzov,2005) - 2003_GRG03-S2-EE 001.xlsx (Mikhalenko等,2005;Kutuzov,2005) - 2003_pits.xlsx (Mikhalenko等,2005;Kutuzov,2005) - 2003_temperature_density.xlsx (Mikhalenko等,2005;Kutuzov,2005) - 2003_temperature_logger_data.xls (Mikhalenko等,2005;Kutuzov,2005) - 2018_density_stratigraphy_field_and_PSI_by_centimeter.xlsx (Machguth等,2024) - 2018_PSI_dating_20230517.xlsx (Eichler等,2020;Machguth等,2024) ## 详细说明 1. **1990_GRG_90_H1-BETA.xlsx**:对应1990年获取的1号冰芯(ice core),标注为H1大概率代表“钻孔1(Hole 1)”。目前暂不清楚1991年数据对应的具体内容,推测为重复测量结果。 2. **1990_GRG_90_H1-CHM.xlsx**:1990年1号冰芯的化学组分数据。 3. **1990_GRG_90_H1-STRAT.xlsx**:1990年1号冰芯的层序地层数据。 4. **1990_GRG_90_H2-CHM.xlsx**:1990年2号冰芯的化学组分数据。 5. **1990_GRG_90_H2-STRAT.xlsx**:1990年2号冰芯的层序地层数据。 6. **1990_H1-H2_2018_Grigoriev_MI-decadal.xlsx**:本表格基于1990年的冰芯表格与2018年数据计算得到,用于可视化MIs中的十年尺度均值(对应论文图7)。1990年冰芯的十年定年基于1963年核弹尘埃层(Thompson等,1993、1997)、Thompson等(1993)提出的十年层位划分,以及Lonnie Thompson的私人通信(2023年6月19日邮件)。 7. **2001_GRG_01_S1-EE.xlsx**:2001年获取的冰芯数据,包含稳定水同位素比值、粒雪(firn)温度、渗冰占比及层序地层数据。 8. **2003_GRG03-S1-EE_001.xlsx**:2003年获取的51米和22.6米冰芯数据,其中51米冰芯采用热钻法获取,22.6米冰芯采用机械钻法获取。22.6米冰芯的测量参数与2001年冰芯相近。 9. **2003_GRG03-S2-EE 001.xlsx**:2003年获取的21.3米冰芯数据,相较于2001年冰芯,其测量参数数量有所减少。 10. **2003_pits.xlsx**:2003年一系列雪坑的层序地层与密度测量数据。 11. **2003_temperature_density.xlsx**:2003年22.6米冰芯的密度与温度测量数据。该文件对比了海拔4440米处的冰温(T_ice)与1962年冰芯的数据(Dikikh,1965)。 12. **2003_temperature_logger_data.xls**:2003年6月通过热敏电阻链连续3天测量的粒雪温度数据,其中2003年6月14日的数据被用于绘制论文图5。 13. **2018_density_stratigraphy_field_and_PSI_by_centimeter.xlsx**:2018年冰芯的层序地层与密度数据。该文件为稍早版本,以每厘米为单位展示数据。文件中包含两次密度测量结果的对比(Machguth等(2024)仅采用了实验室测量的密度数据),同时包含目视观测到的尘埃层信息(该内容未在Machguth等(2024)的论文中展示)。 14. **2018_PSI_dating_20230517.xlsx**:2018年冰芯分析的完整数据集。 ## 参考文献 1. Arkhipov, S. M., Mikhalenko, V. N., & Thompson, L. (1996). 天山格里戈里耶夫冰川活动层的结构与层序. 《冰川学研究资料》(Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy), 80, 68–83. 2. Arkhipov, S. M., Mikhalenko, V. N., Kunakhovich, M. G., Dikikh, A. N., & Nagornov, O. V. (2004). 1962–2001年格里戈里耶夫冰川(天山)的热状况、冰形成类型与堆积过程. 《冰川学研究资料》(Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy), 96, 77–83. 3. Eichler, A., Kronenberg, M., Brütsch, S., Rüthi, M., Heule, M., Schwikowski, M., et al. (2020). 中亚冰芯中的切尔诺贝利尘埃层. 《PSI环境化学实验室2019年度报告》(Annual Report 2019 - Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry - PSI), 31. 4. Kutuzov, S. S. (2005). 近150年内天山内陆冰川的空间变化与结构. 莫斯科罗蒙诺索夫国立大学硕士论文. 5. Machguth, H., Eichler, A., Schwikowski, M., Brütsch, S., Mattea, E., Kutuzov, S., et al. (2024). 吉尔吉斯斯坦天山格里戈里耶夫冰帽50年的粒雪演化. 《冰冻圈》(The Cryosphere), 18(4), 1633–1646. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1633-2024 6. Mikhalenko, V. N., Kutuzov, S. S., Fayzrakhmanov, F. F., Nagornov, B., Thompson, L. G., Kunakhovich, M. G., Arkhipov, S. M., Dikikh, A. N., & Usubaliev, R. (2005). 19世纪至21世纪初天山冰川退缩:冰芯钻探与钻孔温度测量结果. 《冰川学研究资料》(Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy), 98, 175–182. 7. Thompson, L. G., Mosley-Thompson, E., Davis, M., Lin, P. N., Yao, T., Dyurgerov, M., & Dal, J. (1993). “近期变暖”的热带冰芯证据:以中亚为重点. 《全球行星变化》(Global Planet. Change), 7(1–3), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(93)90046-Q 8. Thompson, L. G., Mikhalenko, V., Mosley-Thompson, E., Durgerov, M., Lin, P. N., Moskalevsky, M., et al. (1997). 近期气候变化的冰芯记录:中亚中天山的格里戈里耶夫与伊蒂什冰帽. 《冰川学研究资料》(Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy), 81, 100–109. 9. Usubaliev, R. A. (2003). 天山冰川的化学污染——以格里戈里耶夫冰川为例. 《吉尔吉斯斯坦国家科学院院刊》(Izvestija Natsional’noy Akademii Nauk Kirgizskoy Respubliki), 4, 154–160.

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