Table_3_COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health and Life Habits in the Canadian Population.DOCX

ObjectivesThe study aims to investigate the rate of clinical depression in the adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the changes in anxiety, distress, suicidal ideation, and their relations with several personal and interpersonal/social variables.
MethodsThis is an epidemiological, non-interventional study. It is part of an international multi-center study, with the main site at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, in Greece (COMET-G Study). We are presenting aspects of the research involving the Canadian site, based on 508 Canadian responders to the online survey (QAIRE).
ResultsOf the 508 responders, 72.2% were females aged 42.57 ± 14.00 years; 27.2% were males aged 42.24 ± 15.49 years; and 0.6% were others aged 46.33 ± 17.79 years. Increased anxiety during the lockdown was reported by 69.3% of those surveyed. The rate of suicidal thoughts increased in 19.5% of participants during the lockdown. Depression was reported by 22% of responders, while distress was present in 18.4%. We found a greater prevalence of depression, but not distress, in individuals with a history of any mental disorder. Based on the multiple regression analysis, we found four CORE factors equally influencing the changes in mental health during the lockdown (gender, quality of sleep, family conflicts, and changes in daily routine). In the Canadian population, two major changes acted as protective factors, significantly expressed when compared with the worldwide tendencies: fewer financial difficulties; and an increase in religious beliefs.
ConclusionThe rate of major depression, distress, and suicidal ideation was higher in Canadians than in the worldwide population (per COMET-G), but the relative risk to develop depression in the presence of a history of mental disorders was lower. Almost 90% of Canadians believed in the real story of COVID source of provenience.

研究目标
本研究旨在探究新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）大流行期间成年人群的临床抑郁症（clinical depression）患病率，同时分析焦虑、痛苦情绪与自杀意念（suicidal ideation）的变化情况，及其与多项个人、人际及社会变量的关联。

研究方法
本研究为流行病学非干预性研究，属于一项以希腊塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学为核心牵头单位的国际多中心研究（COMET-G研究）。本文呈现该研究加拿大分中心的研究结果，数据来自508名参与在线调查问卷（QAIRE）的加拿大受访者。

研究结果
508名受访者中，72.2%为女性，年龄均值为42.57±14.00岁；27.2%为男性，年龄均值为42.24±15.49岁；剩余0.6%为其他性别群体，年龄均值为46.33±17.79岁。69.3%的受访者报告封控期间焦虑水平升高；19.5%的参与者在封控期间出现自杀意念发生率上升；22%的受访者报告存在抑郁症状，18.4%存在痛苦情绪。研究发现，有精神障碍病史的个体抑郁症患病率更高，但痛苦情绪的患病率无此差异。经多元回归分析（multiple regression analysis），本研究确定了四项均等影响封控期间心理健康变化的CORE因子：性别、睡眠质量、家庭冲突与日常作息改变。在加拿大人群中，与全球趋势相比，有两项主要变化发挥了保护因素作用：经济困境更少，以及宗教信仰程度提升。

研究结论
与全球COMET-G研究人群相比，加拿大人群的重度抑郁症、痛苦情绪及自杀意念患病率更高，但存在精神障碍病史者罹患抑郁症的相对危险度（relative risk）更低。近90%的加拿大人相信新冠病毒来源的真实溯源情况。