Table_1_Establishing wildflower meadows in anthropogenic landscapes.pdf

In anthropized sites, the establishment and management of sustainable and nature-based wildflower meadow solutions exclude fertilization, weeding, and watering, and reduce the frequency of mowing. Once such inputs have been reduced, the ecosystem services generated by the vegetation result in an increase in biodiversity in terms of plant and animal species, an improvement in soil quality and biota, the mitigation of air pollutants and carbon sequestration, as well as a reduction in soil temperature. Environmental education and citizen science are also some of the benefits of this type of vegetation, especially in urban areas. Herbaceous meadow-like communities, which are composed of forbs only or a combination of graminoid and forb species, are usually established by sowing. The seeds are available for purchase from specialized seed producers as single species or in a mix, some companies offer mixes composed of garden species with botanical species. Donor meadows are the sources of the genetic material and the template to reproduce the meadow herbaceous community at different sites through seed harvest, hay harvest, and the displacement of soil with its seed bank. Management techniques, such as soil preparation, determining the appropriate sowing and mowing time, can help in establishing and maintaining the most desirable species. The suspension of urban turf mowing allows the growth of the natural seed bank, which in unproductive soils facilitates the appearance of many pollinator-friendly herbaceous species. With the appropriate pedological conditions and management, the natural urban herbaceous vegetation thus provides beautiful and rich plant communities, which are also easy to maintain. This review identifies the best practices through a qualitative selection of case studies related to the various methods to establish wildflower meadows in the urban infrastructure and the main constraints such as the lack of a suitable seed market.

在人为干扰生境（anthropized sites）中，可持续且基于自然的野花草甸解决方案的构建与管理，需排除施肥、除草与灌溉操作，并降低修剪频次。当上述人工投入减少后，该植被所提供的生态系统服务可提升动植物物种多样性、改善土壤质量与土壤生物群落、缓解大气污染物并促进碳固存，同时降低土壤温度。此外，此类植被还可带来环境教育与公民科学层面的益处，在城市区域尤为凸显。
仅由非禾本科草本植物（forbs）构成，或由禾本科草本植物（graminoid）与非禾本科草本植物混合组成的草本草甸群落，通常通过播种方式构建。种子可通过专业种子生产商购得，支持单物种或混合种子采购；部分企业提供由园艺品种与野生植物物种混合而成的草种组合。供体草甸（donor meadows）是遗传物质的来源，同时也是可通过种子采收、干草收割以及携带有种子库的土壤迁移，在不同场地复刻草本草甸群落的模板。诸如土壤整地、确定适宜播种与修剪时机等管理技术，有助于构建并维持目标优势物种。
暂停城市草坪修剪可促使自然种子库萌发，在贫瘠土壤中，这一举措更易催生大量适配传粉昆虫的草本物种。在适宜的土壤学条件（pedological conditions）与管理措施下，自然形成的城市草本植被可形成美观且物种丰富的植物群落，同时养护难度较低。
本综述通过定性筛选与城市基础设施内野花草甸构建相关的各类方法案例，梳理出最优实践方案，并指出了诸如适配种子市场缺失等主要制约因素。