Taxonomy of learning objectives.

While virtual reality(VR) technology enhances learning, it also places new demands on medical learning evaluation. Verifying the occurrence of learning is a primary issue. To design and implement practical and feasible VR-based learning evaluation based on the immersive learning evaluation framework, the Substitution-Augmentation-Modification-Redefinition (SAMR) model, a VR-based learning evaluation framework, was constructed. This framework included competency, learning objectives, assessment tasks, evaluation data, criteria, and feedback. A comprehensive application pathway was developed, utilizing technological integration frameworks. This pathway includes the selection and implementation processes to offer teachers theoretical direction on evaluating medical learning using VR. Finally, this study performed a learning evaluation utilizing VR. The findings revealed that using VR for evaluation can create a deeply engaging and interactive environment. Participants reported feeling a strong sense of being present in the virtual environment and expressed high acceptance and satisfaction with the VR evaluation process. Furthermore, they believed that VR evaluation offers a comprehensive and practical means of assessing cognitive abilities and receiving feedback. These findings establish that VR evaluation optimise learning assessment and showcase the feasibility of the assessment framework and application path.

尽管虚拟现实（Virtual Reality, VR）技术能够提升学习效果，但同时也对医学学习评估提出了全新的要求。确认学习成效的达成情况，是当前医学学习评估领域的核心议题。为基于沉浸式学习评估框架，设计并实现切实可行的VR学习评估方案，本研究构建了一套VR学习评估框架——替代-增强-修改-重定义（Substitution-Augmentation-Modification-Redefinition，SAMR）模型。该框架涵盖能力维度、学习目标、评估任务、评估数据、评价标准与反馈机制六大模块。本研究依托技术整合框架，设计了一套完整的应用路径，该路径包含甄选与实施两大流程，可为教师利用VR开展医学学习评估提供理论指导。最后，本研究开展了VR驱动的学习评估实践。研究结果表明，基于VR的评估可打造沉浸式互动学习环境。参与测试者反馈，其在虚拟环境中拥有强烈的临场感，并对VR评估流程表现出高度的接受度与满意度。此外，参与测试者认为，VR评估能够为认知能力测评与反馈接收提供全面且实用的实现路径。上述研究结果证实，VR评估可有效优化学习评估流程，同时验证了本研究所提出的评估框架与应用路径的可行性。