Individual factors associated to malocclusion in adolescents

Abstract The study aimed to identify the severity of malocclusions and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents. Data from 5,445 adolescents participating in the Brazilian Oral Health Survey (SBBrasil 2010) were evaluated, of which 4,276 were included in the study based on the inclusion criteria. The dependent variable was severe and very severe malocclusion, according to the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI > 30). The independent variables were place of residence, macro-region, self-reported ethnicity, income, gender, schooling, access to dental care, untreated caries and front and back teeth loss due to caries. A hierarchical multiple logistical regression analysis was performed, considering the complex cluster sampling plan. Prevalence of severe/very severe malocclusions was 17.5%. After adjustments, black/brown ethnicity group (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.09-2.34), lower household income (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55-0-82), front (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.14-4.76) and back teeth (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.14-1.84) loss due to caries were associated with the outcome. Therefore, we conclude that black/brown ethnicity, lower household income and greater number of front and back teeth loss due to caries increased the odds for severe/very severe malocclusion.

摘要 本研究旨在明确巴西青少年错颌畸形的严重程度及其相关影响因素。本研究对参与2010年巴西口腔健康调查（SBBrasil 2010）的5445名青少年的数据进行评估，其中4276名符合纳入标准的研究对象被纳入本研究。本研究的因变量为依据牙齿美观指数（Dental Aesthetic Index, DAI >30）判定的重度及极重度错颌畸形；自变量包括居住地点、宏观区域、自我报告种族、家庭收入、性别、受教育程度、口腔医疗服务可及性、未治疗龋病，以及因龋病导致的前牙与后牙缺失情况。研究采用分层多因素logistic回归分析，并考虑了复杂整群抽样方案的影响。结果显示，重度/极重度错颌畸形的患病率为17.5%。经校正后发现，黑/棕肤色种族群体（优势比[OR]=1.59，95%置信区间[CI]:1.09~2.34）、较低家庭收入（OR=0.67，95%CI:0.55~0.82）、因龋病导致的前牙缺失（OR=2.32，95%CI:1.14~4.76）以及后牙缺失（OR=1.45，95%CI:1.14~1.84）与该研究结局存在显著关联。综上，本研究得出结论：黑/棕肤色种族、较低家庭收入，以及因龋病导致的前牙与后牙缺失数量更多，会显著增加个体发生重度/极重度错颌畸形的风险。