Data from: Rapid evolution accelerates plant population spread in fragmented experimental landscapes

AbstractPredicting the speed of biological invasions and native species migrations requires an understanding of the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of spreading populations. Theory predicts that evolution can accelerate species’ spread velocity, but how landscape patchiness—an important control over traits under selection—influences this process is unknown. We manipulated the response to selection in populations of a model plant species spreading through replicated experimental landscapes of varying patchiness. After six generations of change, evolving populations spread 11% farther than nonevolving populations in continuously favorable landscapes and 200% farther in the most fragmented landscapes. The greater effect of evolution on spread in patchier landscapes was consistent with the evolution of dispersal and competitive ability. Accounting for evolutionary change may be critical when predicting the velocity of range expansions., Usage notesFurthest seed dispersed in each generation for each replicateDistance of the furthest seed for each replicate in each generation, as well as the number of seedlings in the furthest pot. See metadata in ReadMe file (and description of Methods in the paper).2016_06_01_ArabiEvoMaxDistance.csvTraits of each genotypeMean of each of four traits for each genotype (recombinant inbred line) in the experiment: height (when growing alone), dispersal (average distance of furthest dispersed seed from a solitary individual), competitive ability (dominance in non-spreading context), and seed mass. Data to estimate height, dispersal and seed mass were from separate experiment than main experiment (see Methods). Note that ranks rather than raw data were used for analyses of all traits. See ReadMe associated with 'Furthest seed' datafile for metadata.fourtraits.csvGenotypes in Generation 6Genotype results after 6 generations of spread. 10 individuals were sampled from the leading edge (front) and 10 from the first pot in the array (back). See ReadMe associated with 'Furthest seed' datafile for metadata.Gen6_Genotypes.csvLocation and seedling density for one replicate (Fig. 1B)Number of seedlings in each pot in each generation for one replicate array in the experiment (continuous landscape, evolving treatment), as in Figure 1B. Seedlings were counted in 1 cm wide bins at the leading edge, and counted for the entire pot behind the leading edge. See ReadMe associated with 'Furthest seed' datafile for metadata.seedlings_ID49.csv

摘要 预测生物入侵与本土物种迁移的速率，需要深入理解扩散种群的生态与进化动态。理论预测，进化可加速物种的扩散速率，但景观斑块性（landscape patchiness）——这一调控受选择性状的关键因素——如何影响这一过程，目前仍未明确。我们以模式植物种群为研究对象，在不同斑块性的重复实验景观中开展扩散实验，并操控其对选择的响应。经过6代演化后，在持续适宜的景观中，发生演化的种群扩散距离较未演化种群高出11%；而在斑块化程度最高的景观中，这一差距可达200%。演化在斑块化更强的景观中对扩散的促进作用更为显著，这与扩散能力与竞争能力的演化结果相一致。在预测物种分布范围扩张的速率时，考虑演化变化或许至关重要。

使用说明
各重复组每一代的最远扩散种子
各重复组每一代的最远扩散种子距离，以及最远花盆中的幼苗数量。详见ReadMe文件中的元数据（metadata）（以及论文中的方法描述）。
2016_06_01_ArabiEvoMaxDistance.csv

各基因型的性状数据
本实验中每个基因型（重组自交系（recombinant inbred line））的四项性状均值：单株生长时的株高、单株个体的最远扩散种子平均距离、非扩散情境下的竞争优势，以及种子质量。用于估算株高、扩散能力与种子质量的数据，来自与主实验相互独立的另一项实验（详见方法部分）。请注意，所有性状的分析均使用秩次而非原始数据。相关元数据详见与"最远种子"数据文件配套的ReadMe文件。
fourtraits.csv

第6代的基因型数据
扩散6代后的基因型结果。从种群前沿（前缘）取样10个个体，从实验阵列的首个花盆（后缘）取样10个个体。相关元数据详见与"最远种子"数据文件配套的ReadMe文件。
Gen6_Genotypes.csv

单个重复组的位置与幼苗密度（对应图1B）
本实验中单个重复阵列（连续景观、演化处理组，对应图1B）每一代每个花盆中的幼苗数量。在种群前沿以1厘米宽度的分区计数幼苗，前沿后方的花盆则统计整盆的幼苗数量。相关元数据详见与"最远种子"数据文件配套的ReadMe文件。
seedlings_ID49.csv