Constraining the Neutron Star Mass-Radius Relation and Dense Matter Equation of State with NICER. III. Model Description and Verification of Parameter Estimation Codes

This deposit includes the synthetic NICER data sets along with the necessary auxiliary files used in the cross-verification efforts of the parameter estimation procedures used by Miller et al. (2019) and Riley et al. (2019) to analyze the NICER data of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0030+0451. The parameters assumed in generating the synthetic data are are detailed in the ApJ Letter listed above. Three sets of files are provided corresponding to the following comparison exercises described in the ApJ Letter: 1. Ultra-compact neutron stars with R/M~3 (see Section 2.3 of Letter) -- the tar.gz file and it's MD5 checksum are: multiple_imaging_validation.tar.gz (dd7a02b2ccf0a45da4e9d3a779d3b9c4) 2. A neutron star with a single, uniform-temperature, circular hot spot (see Section 3.1 of Letter) -- the tar.gz file and it's MD5 checksum are: one_spot_synthetic_NICER_data.tar.gz (87b9ca80259b34d76746ef18802a75ec) 3. A neutron star with two different, Uniform-Temperature, circular hot spots (see Section 3.2 of Letter) -- the tar.gz file and it's MD5 checksum are: two_spot_synthetic_NICER_data.tar.gz (75374adc0cea2bc1039f6169548cc719) A readme file contained within each tarball provides detailed information about the file sets used and the parameter values assumed in generating the synthetic data sets.本数据集包含合成NICER（Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer）数据集，同时附带了用于Miller等人（2019）与Riley等人（2019）所采用的参数估算流程开展交叉验证工作所需的必要辅助文件，上述研究团队借助该流程分析了毫秒脉冲星PSR J0030+0451的NICER观测数据。合成数据生成过程中所采用的参数已在上述《天体物理学杂志快报（Astrophysical Journal Letters）》中详细说明。本数据集提供三组文件，分别对应该快报中所述的三项对比验证实验：1. 半径质量比R/M~3的超紧致中子星（详见快报第2.3节）——对应的tar.gz压缩包及其MD5校验和为：multiple_imaging_validation.tar.gz（dd7a02b2ccf0a45da4e9d3a779d3b9c4）；2. 带有单个均匀温度圆形热斑的中子星（详见快报第3.1节）——对应的tar.gz压缩包及其MD5校验和为：one_spot_synthetic_NICER_data.tar.gz（87b9ca80259b34d76746ef18802a75ec）；3. 带有两个不同均匀温度圆形热斑的中子星（详见快报第3.2节）——对应的tar.gz压缩包及其MD5校验和为：two_spot_synthetic_NICER_data.tar.gz（75374adc0cea2bc1039f6169548cc719）。每个压缩包内均包含README文件，详细说明了所用文件集的相关信息以及合成数据集生成时所采用的参数取值。