USGS EcoDrought Streamflow and Water Temperature Data from Submersible Pressure Transducers in Massachusetts, Colorado, Idaho, and Oregon

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Mission Area (WMA) - Ecosystems Mission Area (EMA) EcoDrought project is comprised of interdisciplinary teams across the United States focused on the nexus between drought and ecosystem processes. To characterize streamflow conditions in EcoDrought study areas, gage height (stage) and water temperature data were collected using submersible pressure transducers (PTs) in eleven small streams across the US. During various durations from 2019 to 2024, assorted configurations of vented (In-Situ TROLL® 700H) and unvented (Onset HOBO® U20L-04) submersible PTs were installed as “compact” streamgages with minimal infrastructure at thirteen sites in four states: 2 sites in Massachusetts (MA); 2 sites in Colorado (CO); 3 sites in Idaho (ID); 6 sites in Oregon (OR). Corresponding regional USGS Water Science Centers installed and operated the compact streamgages following USGS reference streamgage procedures (for example, hydraulically stable infrastructure and regular sensor check measurements and drift corrections; Sauer and Turnipseed, 2010). Additionally, the compact streamgages in MA, CO, and ID were collocated with existing USGS reference streamgages, permitting 1) the application of reference gage height-discharge rating models to compact gage height data to produce compact discharge data and 2) the comparison of compact and reference gage height (and discharge) data.

For the collocated streamgages, continuous gage height, discharge, water temperature, and barometric pressure data, as well as gage height-discharge rating models, are provided here to enable comparison of compact and reference streamflow records as the basis for evaluations of submersible PT accuracy. For the non-collocated streamgages in OR, continuous absolute (combined water and barometric) pressure, water temperature, and barometric pressure data are provided here to support previously published sensor depth records and enable evaluation of the influence of barometric sensor placement on sensor depth, and therefore gage height, accuracy.

This documentation describes an Excel file containing information for each site including USGS site numbers and names, latitude, longitude, and elevation, compact streamgage instrumentation, deployment durations, and repository locations for all included and related datasets.

References:
Sauer, V.B., and Turnipseed, D.P., 2010, Stage measurement at gaging stations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 3-A7, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm3a7.

美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey, USGS）水资源任务区（Water Mission Area, WMA）-生态系统任务区（Ecosystems Mission Area, EMA）主导的EcoDrought项目，由美国境内跨学科研究团队组成，聚焦干旱与生态系统过程的关联纽带。为表征EcoDrought研究区域的径流状况，研究团队在美国境内11条小型溪流中部署浸没式压力传感器（submersible pressure transducers, PTs）采集测站水位（gage height）与水温数据。2019年至2024年间，研究团队在4个州的13个监测站点布设了通气管式（In-Situ TROLL® 700H）与不通气管式（Onset HOBO® U20L-04）两种配置的浸没式PT，搭建为“紧凑型”水文测站，仅需极简配套基础设施；其中马萨诸塞州（MA）2个、科罗拉多州（CO）2个、爱达荷州（ID）3个、俄勒冈州（OR）6个。相关区域美国地质调查局水资源科学中心按照USGS标准水文测站操作规程（例如采用水力稳定的基础设施、定期开展传感器校准测量与漂移校正；Sauer和Turnipseed, 2010）负责上述紧凑型测站的安装与运维。此外，马萨诸塞州、科罗拉多州与爱达荷州的紧凑型测站均与现有USGS标准水文测站同址布设，可实现两项应用：1）将标准水位-流量关系曲线模型应用于紧凑型测站水位数据，以生成紧凑型测站的流量数据；2）对比紧凑型与标准测站的水位（及流量）数据。

针对同址布设的测站，本数据集提供连续水位、流量、水温与大气压力数据，以及水位-流量关系曲线模型，用于对比紧凑型与标准测站的径流记录，以此作为评估浸没式PT精度的基础。针对俄勒冈州非同址布设的测站，本数据集提供连续绝对压力（水体压力与大气压力的综合值）、水温与大气压力数据，用于支撑已发表的传感器深度记录，并可用于评估大气压力传感器布设位置对传感器深度（进而对测站水位）精度的影响。

本说明文档对应一份Excel文件，其中包含各监测站点的相关信息，具体包括USGS站点编号与名称、纬度、经度与海拔、紧凑型测站的仪器配置、布设时长，以及所有纳入数据集与相关数据集的存储位置。

参考文献：
Sauer, V.B. 与 Turnipseed, D.P., 2010，测站水位测量：美国地质调查局技术与方法3-A7，https://doi.org/10.3133/tm3a7.