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Prior studies ignore the impact of infrastructure on university technology transfer. High-speed rail, China’s most significant infrastructure, has played an essential role in the economy and society. Using high-speed railway construction as a quasi-experiment and a large sample of Chinese universities for the 2007–2017 period, we investigate the impact of high-speed rail on university technology transfer. We provide extensive evidence that high-speed rail has a positive effect on university technology transfer. The finding remains valid after a battery of robustness tests. Mechanism tests find that high-speed rail can improve university technology transfer by promoting the interaction between universities and enterprises and improving enterprises’ technology demand for universities. Further analysis shows that better intellectual property protection strengthens the effect of high-speed rail on university technology transfer, and the relationship between high-speed rail and university technology transfer is more prominent in the regions with underdevelopment technology trading markets. Our study suggests that high-speed rail is an important variable that affects university technology transfer.

既往研究尚未考察基础设施对高校科技成果转化（University Technology Transfer）的影响。作为我国最为重要的基础设施之一，高速铁路（High-Speed Rail）对经济社会发展发挥了至关重要的作用。本研究以2007-2017年中国高校的大样本数据为研究对象，将高速铁路开通设置为准自然实验，探究高速铁路对高校科技成果转化的影响。本研究提供了充分的实证证据表明，高速铁路对高校科技成果转化具有正向影响，且该结论经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制检验结果显示，高速铁路可通过促进高校与企业间的互动交流，以及提升企业对高校的技术需求，进而推动高校科技成果转化。进一步分析表明，完善的知识产权保护（Intellectual Property Protection）会强化高速铁路对高校科技成果转化的促进效应；在技术交易市场发育不完善的地区，高速铁路与高校科技成果转化之间的正向关联更为显著。本研究证实，高速铁路是影响高校科技成果转化的重要变量。