Colombian Ocular Inflammatory Diseases Epidemiology Study (COIDES): Optic Neuritis Incidence Between 2015-2020

To estimate the incidence of Optic Neuritis (ON) in Colombia using data from the national health registry between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. A population-based study was conducted using the Integrated Social Protection Information System from the Colombian Ministry of Health and the International Classification of Diseases-10 code for ON to estimate the incidence of ON from 2015 to 2020. We also evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the epidemiology of the disease in 2020. Finally, a standardized morbidity rate map was created to assess a country’s ON geographic distribution. From 2015 to 2019, 2,463 new cases of ON were reported. The overall 5-year incidence rate was 1.56 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, 66% of the patients were females. The peak of presentation in males was the quinquennium of 50–54 years, and in females, it was 45–49 years. In 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduction in the incidence of ON by approximately 0.15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The regions with a high number of cases and an increasing risk of new cases were Bogotá, Antioquia, and Valle del Cauca. The incidence of ON in Colombia is lower compared to countries in the northern hemisphere, with women under 50 years being predominantly affected. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic corresponded with a reduction in identifying new ON cases. This underscores governments’ need to implement effective diagnostic strategies in the future.本研究依托2015年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间的哥伦比亚国家健康登记数据，旨在估算视神经炎（Optic Neuritis，以下简称ON）在哥伦比亚的发病率。本研究采用哥伦比亚卫生部综合社会保护信息系统（Integrated Social Protection Information System）以及视神经炎的国际疾病分类第十版（International Classification of Diseases-10，ICD-10）编码，开展了一项基于人群的研究，以估算2015至2020年间视神经炎的发病率。本研究同时评估了2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎（Corona Virus Disease 2019，COVID-19）封控措施对该疾病流行病学特征的影响。此外，本研究还绘制了标准化发病率地图，以评估该国视神经炎的地理分布特征。2015至2019年，共计报告2463例视神经炎新增病例。该时段总体5年发病率为每年每10万人口1.56例，其中66%的患者为女性。男性患者的发病高峰年龄段为50~54岁组，女性患者则为45~49岁组。2020年恰逢新型冠状病毒肺炎大流行，视神经炎的发病率较此前下降约每10万人口0.15例。病例数较多且新增病例风险呈上升趋势的地区为波哥大（Bogotá）、安蒂奥基亚（Antioquia）及考卡山谷（Valle del Cauca）。哥伦比亚视神经炎的发病率低于北半球国家，且以50岁以下女性为主要发病人群。新型冠状病毒肺炎大流行的暴发恰逢视神经炎新增病例识别量下降，这凸显了各国政府未来需落实有效诊断策略的必要性。