Table_1_Does nature-based social prescription improve mental health outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis.xlsx

BackgroundA nature-based social prescription (NBSP) is an approach to improving mental health outcomes that involves prescribing nature-based interventions as complementary or alternative therapy to traditional ones. A variety of advantages are available from NBSP for people looking to enhance their mental well-being. The effect size of the nature-based social prescriptions (NBSPs) has not been thoroughly evaluated by systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
ObjectivesThe current study aimed to analyze existing studies and conduct a meta-analysis to determine the overall effect size of the nature-based social prescriptions (NBSP’s) outcomes on mental health.
MethodsBy choosing the relevant papers from among those that were available, a meta-analysis was carried out in the current study. A systematic search of electronic databases (Pub Med, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and PsychINFO) was conducted to identify relevant studies. Studies were included if they evaluated the effects of NBSP on mental health outcomes. Effect sizes were calculated using the random effects model.
ResultsMeta-analysis of interventions statistics shows that CBT (SMD −0.0035; 95% CI: [−0.5090; 0.5020]; Tau^2: 0.1011; Tau: 0.318), digital intervention (SMD −0.3654; 95% CI: [−0.5258; 1.2566]; Tau^2: 0.2976, Tau: 0.5455), music intervention (SMD −2.1281; 95% CI: [−0.4659; 4.7221]; Tau^2: 3.4046; Tau:1.8452), and psychological interventions (SMD −0.8529; 95% CI: [0.3051; 1.4007]; Tau^2: 0.1224; Tau: 0.3499) do not significantly impact. The other interventions [social belongingness, communication training, blue intervention, nature-based education, cognitive behavior group therapy (CBGT), social prescribing coordinator, self-help intervention, participatory, organizational intervention, inpatient services, brief diet, internet-based intervention, prenatal intervention, yoga and meditation, ergonomics training program, yoga nidra intervention, and storytelling] highlighted above are significant.
ConclusionThe conclusion of the meta-analysis supports the idea that incorporating nature-based social prescription interventions into mental healthcare plans can effectively complement traditional therapies and improve mental health outcomes.
Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023412458, CRD42023412458.

**背景**：基于自然的社会处方（Nature-based Social Prescription, NBSP）是一类改善心理健康结局的干预路径，指将基于自然的干预手段作为传统疗法的补充或替代疗法进行开具。对于期望提升心理健康水平的人群而言，基于自然的社会处方具备多重优势，但目前尚无系统综述与元分析对基于自然的社会处方的效应量进行全面评估。

**研究目标**：本研究旨在梳理现有相关研究并开展元分析，以明确基于自然的社会处方对心理健康结局的总体效应量。

**研究方法**：本研究通过筛选现有相关文献开展元分析。研究团队系统检索了电子数据库（PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Cochrane图书馆、Embase、CINAHL及PsychINFO）以筛选符合要求的相关研究。纳入标准为：研究需评估基于自然的社会处方对心理健康结局的干预效应。本研究采用随机效应模型计算效应量。

**研究结果**：元分析结果显示，认知行为疗法（Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, CBT）[标准化均数差（Standardized Mean Difference, SMD）=-0.0035；95%置信区间（95% Confidence Interval, 95% CI）=[-0.5090, 0.5020]；τ²=0.1011；τ=0.318]、数字干预（SMD=-0.3654；95%CI=[-0.5258, 1.2566]；τ²=0.2976；τ=0.5455）、音乐干预（SMD=-2.1281；95%CI=[-0.4659, 4.7221]；τ²=3.4046；τ=1.8452）及心理干预（SMD=-0.8529；95%CI=[0.3051, 1.4007]；τ²=0.1224；τ=0.3499）的干预效应均无统计学显著性。其余提及的干预手段包括社会归属感提升、沟通训练、蓝色空间干预、自然教育、认知行为团体疗法（Cognitive Behavior Group Therapy, CBGT）、社会处方协调员、自助干预、参与式组织干预、住院服务、短期饮食干预、互联网干预、产前干预、瑜伽与冥想、人体工学训练计划、瑜伽休息术（Yoga Nidra）干预及故事讲述干预，其干预效应均具有统计学显著性。

**研究结论**：本元分析结果证实，将基于自然的社会处方干预手段纳入心理健康照护方案，可有效补充传统疗法，改善心理健康结局。

**系统综述注册信息**：https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023412458，注册号：CRD42023412458。