Phase 2 Data Recovery Investigations at AZ T:4:150(ASM), a Multicomponent Hohokam, Yavapai, and Euroamerican Rockshelter Site at Lake Pleasant Regional Park, Yavapai County, Arizona

At the request of the Bureau of Reclamation–Phoenix Area Office, ACS conducted Phase 2 data recovery at the Lake Pleasant Rockshelter site (AZ T:4:150[ASM]), Yavapai County, Arizona. Based on the results of Phase 1 investigations conducted at the site (Pinter et al. 2009), Reclamation determined that potentially significant subsurface cultural deposits were present that could provide important new data on prehistoric, protohistoric, and historic Native American and Euroamerican occupation of the general area. The proposed work plan for Phase 2 (Pinter et al. 2009) was accepted by Reclamation, and was implemented in two sessions due to inclement weather and rising lake levels. The first session occurred in January 2010, followed by a hiatus to allow the lake level to drop and the weather to cool; the second and final session occurred in late September 2010.Controlled Phase 2 excavations at AZ T:4:150(ASM) revealed an initial Gila Butte phase (Colonial period) use, with intermittent Hohokam use through at least the early Classic period. Protohistoric through Historic period Yavapai use of the shelter was documented, followed by a final Late Historic period use of indeterminate origin (Yavapai or Euroamerican) primarily during the 1920s–1940s.The evidence suggests this last occupation was by Yavapai people but the nearby Brown Homestead was occupied during this time span as well. The results of Phase 2 data recovery, which completely excavated the interior of the shelter, documented the long history of use of the site and provided substantial new evidence of subsistence and tool use practices among the Yavapai.

应美国垦务局（Bureau of Reclamation）凤凰城地区办事处的委托，ACS于亚利桑那州亚瓦派县的普莱森特湖岩棚遗址（AZ T:4:150[ASM]）开展第二阶段数据恢复工作。基于该遗址第一阶段调查成果（Pinter等，2009），垦务局判定遗址内存在具有潜在重要价值的地下文化遗存，可为该区域史前、原史及历史时期的原住民与欧裔美国人定居活动提供关键新资料。第二阶段的拟议工作计划（Pinter等，2009）获垦务局批准后，因恶劣天气与湖水位上涨，分两次实施：第一阶段于2010年1月开展，随后暂停作业以等待湖水位回落、天气转凉；第二阶段即最终阶段于2010年9月下旬完成。
对AZ T:4:150(ASM)遗址开展的控制性第二阶段发掘显示，该遗址最初存在吉拉巴特阶段（殖民时期）的人类活动痕迹，且至少持续至古典时期早期的霍霍坎（Hohokam）文化曾间断性使用该遗址。研究记录了原史时期至历史时期亚瓦派（Yavapai）人对该岩棚的使用情况，随后还发现了一段起源不明（亚瓦派或欧裔美国人）的晚期历史时期使用痕迹，其时间跨度主要集中于1920年代至1940年代。
相关证据表明，此次最终的定居活动应为亚瓦派人所为，但同期附近的布朗家园（Brown Homestead）也有人类居住。本次第二阶段数据恢复工作全面发掘了岩棚内部，其成果完整呈现了该遗址的长期使用历史，并为亚瓦派人的生计模式与工具使用实践提供了大量新的考古证据。