Access to Durable Solutions Among IDPs in Iraq, 2016-2021

Access to Durable Solutions Among IDPs in Iraq is a unique study that follows, through six rounds of data collection, Iraqi households who were internally displaced between January 2014 and December 2015 by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The study aims to shed light on how evolving conditions of prolonged displacement change the lives of IDPs over time and how IDPs themselves adapt and engineer solutions to displacement-related challenges. The study is based on the Inter-Agency Standing Committee’s (IASC-2010) Framework on Durable Solutions, which lays the cornerstone for specifying how governments, humanitarian practitioners and academics alike attempt to measure IDPs’ advancement toward durable solutions. The framework defines three 'durable solutions' — sustainable return, sustainable reintegration or sustainable resettlement — each of which depends on the fulfillment of eight criteria: long-term safety and security; adequate standard of living; access to livelihood and employment; access to effective and accessible mechanisms to restore housing, land and property; access to personal and other documentation; family reunification; participation in public affairs and access to effective remedies and justice. IDPs are said to have reached a durable solution when they 'no longer have any specific assistance and protection needs that are linked to their displacement and can enjoy their human rights without discrimination on account of their displacement. A joint project between the International Organization for Migration in Iraq and Georgetown University, the study not only affirms that ending displacement is a process that happens over time, but more importantly, it provides evidence for how, when and according to whom IDP households resolve the challenges of their displacement.

《伊拉克境内流离失所者获得持久解决方案情况研究》是一项独特的追踪研究，通过六轮数据采集，对2014年1月至2015年12月期间因伊拉克和大叙利亚伊斯兰国（Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, ISIL）流离失所的伊拉克家庭进行跟踪。本研究旨在揭示长期流离失所的动态演变态势如何随时间改变境内流离失所者（Internally Displaced Persons, IDPs）的生活，以及境内流离失所者自身如何适应并构建针对流离失所相关挑战的解决方案。本研究基于机构间常设委员会（Inter-Agency Standing Committee, IASC-2010）发布的《持久解决方案框架》，该框架为明确政府、人道主义从业者及学者如何衡量境内流离失所者向持久解决方案的进展情况奠定了基础。该框架明确了三项"持久解决方案"——可持续返遣、可持续重返社会或可持续重新安置，每项方案均需满足八项标准：长期安全保障、适足生活水准、生计与就业机会、获取恢复住房、土地和财产的有效且可及机制、获取个人及其他相关证件、家庭团聚、参与公共事务，以及获得有效救济与司法途径。当境内流离失所者不再存在与流离失所相关的特定援助与保护需求，且能够不因流离失所而遭受歧视地享有人权时，即可认定其已获得持久解决方案。本研究是国际移民组织（International Organization for Migration, IOM）驻伊拉克办事处与乔治城大学的合作项目，它不仅证实了结束流离失所是一个随时间推进的过程，更重要的是，它为境内流离失所家庭如何、何时以及由谁来解决流离失所相关挑战提供了实证依据。