Municipality-year panel dataset: Deforestation, climate, agricultural production, and environmental enforcement in Brazil's Legal Amazon (2010–2023)

This dataset contains a municipality-year panel for 634 municipalities in Brazil's Legal Amazon, covering the period 2010–2023. It integrates four publicly available sources: annual clear-cut deforestation from INPE/PRODES (km²), municipal GDP and agricultural gross value added from IBGE's Produto Interno Bruto dos Municípios (R$ thousands, current prices), gridded annual precipitation (mm) and mean temperature (°C) from TerraClimate aggregated to municipal boundaries using area-weighted means, and counts of flora-related IBAMA infraction notices (non-cancelled) from IBAMA's open-data portal. The panel includes log-transformed and constructed variables used in the econometric analysis, including a post-2018 indicator and an arc-of-deforestation classifier. The dataset supports the empirical analysis reported in the accompanying article, which tests whether the conditional relationships between deforestation and its climate, production, and governance determinants changed structurally after 2018. The regression sample used in the article covers 2010–2021 (constrained by availability of IBGE municipal accounts). The dataset is provided in both Stata (.dta) and CSV formats, accompanied by a README file describing all variables. All source data are publicly accessible.
Keywords:
Deforestation; Brazilian Amazon; Land-use change; Environmental governance; IBAMA enforcement; PRODES; Municipal panel data; Climate variables; Agricultural value added

本数据集包含巴西法定亚马逊区域（Brazil's Legal Amazon）内634个市政单位的年度面板数据，时间跨度为2010年至2023年。本数据集整合了四项公开数据源：其一为巴西国家空间研究院/亚马逊毁林监测项目（Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais/Programa de Desmatamento na Amazônia Legal, INPE/PRODES）发布的年度皆伐毁林面积（单位：平方千米）；其二为巴西地理与统计研究所（Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, IBGE）《市政国内生产总值》（Produto Interno Bruto dos Municípios）中的市政GDP与农业总增加值（单位：千雷亚尔，现价）；其三为TerraClimate数据集提供的网格化年度降水量（单位：毫米）与平均气温（单位：摄氏度），通过面积加权平均法聚合至市政边界；其四为巴西环境与可再生自然资源研究所（Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis, IBAMA）开放数据门户发布的未撤销植物相关违规通知数量。该面板数据包含计量分析所用的对数变换变量与构造变量，包括2018年后虚拟变量与毁林弧分类器。本数据集支撑配套论文中的实证分析，该论文检验了2018年后毁林与其气候、生产及治理决定因素之间的条件关系是否发生结构性变化。论文中使用的回归样本覆盖2010年至2021年（受限于IBGE市政核算数据的可得性）。本数据集以Stata（.dta）与CSV两种格式提供，附带一份说明所有变量的README文件。所有源数据均可公开获取。关键词：毁林；巴西亚马逊；土地利用变化；环境治理；IBAMA执法；PRODES；市政面板数据；气候变量；农业增加值