The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2019) v2.3.1
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<strong>Recommended citation</strong> <pre><code>Gütschow, J.; Günther, A.; Pflüger, M. (2021): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series v2.3.1 (1850-2019). zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.5494497. </code></pre> <pre><code>Gütschow, J.; Jeffery, L.; Gieseke, R.; Gebel, R.; Stevens, D.; Krapp, M.; Rocha, M. (2016): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 571-603, doi:10.5194/essd-8-571-2016</code></pre> <strong>Content</strong> Use of the dataset and full description Abstract Support Sources Files included in the dataset Notes Data format description (columns) References Changelog <strong>Abstract</strong> The PRIMAP-hist dataset combines several published datasets to create a comprehensive set of greenhouse gas emission pathways for every country and Kyoto gas, covering the years 1750 to 2019, and all UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) member states as well as most non-UNFCCC territories. The data resolves the main IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2006 categories. For CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O subsector data for Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU), and Agriculture are available. Due to data availability and methodological issues, version 2.3.1 of the PRIMAP-hist dataset does not include emissions from Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) in the main file. LULUCF data are included in the file with increased number of significant digits and have to be used with care. The PRIMAP-hist v2.3.1 dataset is an updated version of <pre><code>Gütschow, J.; Günther, A.; Pflüger, M. (2021): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series v2.3 (1750-2019). zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.5175154 </code></pre> The Changelog indicates the most important changes. You can also check the issue tracker on github.com/JGuetschow/PRIMAP-hist for additional information on issues found after the release of the dataset. <strong>Use of the dataset and full description</strong> Before using the dataset, please read this document and the article describing the methodology, especially the section on uncertainties and the section on limitations of the method and use of the dataset. <pre><code>Gütschow, J.; Jeffery, L.; Gieseke, R.; Gebel, R.; Stevens, D.; Krapp, M.; Rocha, M. (2016): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 571-603, doi:10.5194/essd-8-571-2016</code></pre> Please notify us (johannes.guetschow@pik-potsdam.de) if you use the dataset so that we can keep track of how it is used and take that into consideration when updating and improving the dataset. When using this dataset or one of its updates, please cite the DOI of the precise version of the dataset used and also the data description article which this dataset is supplement to (see above). Please consider also citing the relevant original sources when using the PRIMAP-hist dataset. See the full citations in the References section further below. Since version 2.3 we use the data formats developed for the PRIMAP2 climate policy analysis suite: PRIMAP2 on GitHub. The data is published both in the interchange format which consists of a csv file with the data and a yaml file with additional metadata and the native NetCDF based format. For a detailed description of the data format we refer to the PRIMAP2 documentation. We have also, for the first, time included files with more than three significant digits. This file is mainly aimed at people doing policy analysis using the country reported data scenario (HISTCR). Using the high precision data they can avoid questions on discrepancies with the reported data. The uncertainties of emissions data do not justify the additional significant digits and they might give a false sense of accuracy, so please use this version of the dataset with extra care. <strong>Support</strong> If you encounter possible errors or other things that should be noted, please check our issue tracker at github.com/JGuetschow/PRIMAP-hist and report your findings there. Please use the tag “v2.3.1” in any issue you create regarding this dataset. If you need support in using the dataset or have any other questions regarding the dataset, please contact johannes.guetschow@pik-potsdam.de. <strong>Sources</strong> <strong>Global CO$_2$ emissions from cement production v210723 (Andrew 2021)**</strong> data, paper: Andrew (2019a) <strong>BP Statistical Review of World Energy</strong> website: British Petroleum (2021) <strong>CDIAC</strong> data: Boden et al. (2017): Gilfillan et al. (2020), paper Gilfillan and Marland (2021) <strong>EDGAR versions 4.2 and 4.2 FT2010:</strong> EDGAR v4.2, EDGAR v4.2 FT2010: JRC and PBL (2011), Olivier and Janssens-Maenhout (2012) <strong>EDGAR version 6.0:</strong> data, website, Paper in prep.: Crippa et al. (n.d.), JRC (2021) <strong>EDGAR-HYDE 1.4</strong> data: Van Aardenne et al. (2001), Olivier and Berdowski (2001) <strong>FAOSTAT database</strong> data: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2021)/li> <strong>RCP historical data</strong> data, paper: Meinshausen et al. (2011) <strong>UNFCCC National Communications and National Inventory Reports for developing countries</strong> website, data: UNFCCC (2021c), Gieseke and Gütschow (2021) <strong>UNFCCC Biennial Update Reports</strong> website: UNFCCC (2021b) <strong>UNFCCC Common Reporting Format (CRF)</strong> website, paper, data: Gütschow et al. (2021b), UNFCCC (2021a) (processed as described in Jeffery et al. (2018a)) <strong>Official country repositories (non-UNFCCC)</strong> Taiwan / Republic of China: website: Republic of China - Environmental Protection Administration (2020) South Korea: website: Republic of Korea (2020) <strong>Files included in the dataset</strong> For each dataset we have three files: the <em>.nc</em> file contains the data and metadata in the native PRIMAP2 netCDF based format. The <em>.csv</em> file contains the data in a csv format following the specifications of the PRIMAP2 interchange format. The metadata for the interchange format file is included in the <em>.yaml</em> file. <strong>Guetschow-et-al-2021-PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1_20_Sep_2021.X</strong>: The main dataset with numerical extrapolation of all time series to 2019 and three significant digits. <strong>Guetschow-et-al-2021-PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1_no_extrap_20_Sep_2021.X</strong>: Variant without numerical extrapolation of missing values and not including the country groups mentioned in section [“country”] (three significant digits). <strong>Guetschow-et-al-2021-PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1_no_rounding_20_Sep_2021.X</strong>: The main dataset with numerical extrapolation of all time series to 2019 and eleven significant digits. <strong>Guetschow-et-al-2021-PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1_no_extrap_no_rounding_20_Sep_2021.csv</strong>: Variant without numerical extrapolation of missing values and not including the country groups mentioned in section [“country”] (eleven significant digits). <strong>PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1_data-description.pdf</strong>: Data description including changelog. <strong>PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1_updated_figures.pdf</strong>: Updated figures from the PRIMAP-hist paper published in ESSD. <strong>Notes</strong> Emissions from international aviation and shipping are not included in the dataset. Emissions from Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) are not included in the main version of this dataset. They are included in the version without rounding as users need to take extra care when using LULUCF data as changes some of the year-to-year changes in the data come from using different sources or methodology changes within a source rather than changes in actual emissions. <strong>Data format description (columns)</strong> The PRIMAP-hist data in the comma-separated values (CSV) files is formatted consistently with the PRIMAP2 interchange format. The data contained in each column is as follows: <em>“source”</em> Name of the data source. Here: <em>PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1</em> with suffixes <em>_ne</em> for no extrapolation and <em>_nr</em> for no rounding. <em>“scenario (PRIMAP)”</em> HISTCR: In this scenario country-reported data (CRF, BUR, UNFCCC) is prioritized over third-party data (CDIAC, FAO, Andrew, EDGAR, BP). HISTTP: In this scenario third-party data (CDIAC, FAO, Andrew, EDGAR, BP) is prioritized over country-reported data (CRF, BUR, UNFCCC) <em>“provenance“</em> Provenance of the data. Here: “derived” as it is a composite source. <em>“country”</em> ISO 3166 three-letter country codes or custom codes for groups: <pre><code>Code Region description ---- ------- EARTH Aggregated emissions for all countries. ANNEXI Annex I Parties to the Convention NONANNEXI Non-Annex I Parties to the Convention AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States BASIC BASIC countries (Brazil, South Africa, India and China) EU27BX European Union post Brexit LDC Least Developed Countries UMBRELLA Umbrella Group</code></pre> Table: Additional “country” codes. <em>“category”</em> IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2006 categories for emissions. Some aggregate sectors have been added to the hierarchy. These begin with the prefix <em>M</em>. <pre><code>----------------------------------------------------------------------- Category code Description ------------- --------------------------------------------------------- M.0.EL National Total excluding LULUCF 1 Energy 1.A Fuel Combustion Activities 1.B Fugitive Emissions from Fuels 1.B.1 Solid Fuels 1.B.2 Oil and Natural Gas 1.B.3 Other Emissions from Energy Production 1.C Carbon Dioxide Transport and Storage (currently no data available) 2 Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) 2. A Mineral Industry 2.B Chemical Industry 2.C Metal Industry 2.D Non-Energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use 2.E Electronics Industry (no data available as the category is only used for fluorinated gases which are only resolved at the level of category IPC2) 2 F Product uses as Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances (no data available as the category is only used for fluorinated gases which are only resolved at the level of category IPC2) 2.G Other Product Manufacture and Use 2.H Other M.AG Agriculture, sum of IPC3A and IPCMAGELV 3.A Livestock M.AG.ELV Agriculture excluding Livestock 4 Waste 5 Other -----------------------------------------------------------------------</code></pre> Table: Category descriptions using IPCC 2006 terminology. <em>“entity”</em> Gas categories using global warming potentials (GWP) from either Second Assessment Report (SAR) or Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). <pre><code> Code Description ---- ----------- CH4 Methane CO2 Carbon Dioxide N2O Nitrous Oxide HFCS (SARGWP100) Hydrofluorocarbons (SAR) HFCS (AR4GWP100) Hydrofluorocarbons (AR4) PFCS SARGWP100 Perfluorocarbons (SAR) PFCS (AR4GWP100) Perfluorocarbons (AR4) SF6 Sulfur Hexafluoride NF3 Nitrogen Trifluoride FGASES SARGWP100 Fluorinated Gases (SAR): HFCs, PFCs, SF$_6$, NF$_3$ FGASES (AR4GWP100) Fluorinated Gases (AR4): HFCs, PFCs, SF$_6$, NF$_3$ KYOTOGHG SARGWP100 Kyoto greenhouse gases (SAR) KYOTOGHG (AR4GWP100) Kyoto greenhouse gases (AR4)</code></pre> Table: Gas categories and underlying global warming potentials <em>“unit”</em> Unit is either <em>Gg <substance> / yr</em> where substance is the entity or for CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent units <em>Gg CO2 / yr</em>. The CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent is calculated according to the global warming potential indicated by the entity (see above). <em>Remaining columns</em> Years from 1750-2019. <strong>Changelog</strong> For the changelog we refer to the pdf version of the data description available for download here <strong>References</strong> For the full references we refer to the references section and the pdf version of the data description available for download here.
<strong>推荐引用</strong> <pre><code>Gütschow, J.; Günther, A.; Pflüger, M. (2021): PRIMAP-hist国家历史排放时间序列v2.3.1（1850-2019）. zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.5494497. </code></pre> <pre><code>Gütschow, J.; Jeffery, L.; Gieseke, R.; Gebel, R.; Stevens, D.; Krapp, M.; Rocha, M. (2016): PRIMAP-hist国家历史排放时间序列, 《地球系统科学数据》, 8, 571-603, doi:10.5194/essd-8-571-2016</code></pre> <strong>内容</strong> 数据集使用与完整说明、摘要、支持渠道、数据来源、数据集包含文件、注意事项、数据格式说明（列字段）、参考文献、更新日志 <strong>摘要</strong> PRIMAP-hist数据集整合了多份已发表数据集，构建了覆盖1750年至2019年所有国家及《京都议定书》所涉气体的全维度温室气体排放序列，涵盖所有联合国气候变化框架公约（United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC）缔约方以及多数非UNFCCC辖区。数据覆盖政府间气候变化专门委员会（Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC）2006年发布的主要排放分类标准。针对二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄）及一氧化二氮（N₂O），可获取能源、工业过程与产品使用（Industrial Processes and Product Use, IPPU）以及农业领域的分部门数据。受数据可得性与方法学限制，PRIMAP-hist数据集v2.3.1版本的主文件未包含土地利用、土地利用变化与林业（Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry, LULUCF）相关排放。LULUCF数据收录于有效数字位数更高的文件中，使用时需格外谨慎。PRIMAP-hist v2.3.1版本是<pre><code>Gütschow, J.; Günther, A.; Pflüger, M. (2021): PRIMAP-hist国家历史排放时间序列v2.3（1750-2019）. zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.5175154 </code></pre>的更新版本，更新日志列出了核心变更内容。用户也可前往github.com/JGuetschow/PRIMAP-hist的问题追踪页面，获取数据集发布后发现的相关问题的补充信息。 <strong>数据集使用与完整说明</strong> 使用本数据集前，请仔细阅读本文档与阐述方法学的文章，尤其是关于不确定性以及数据集使用限制的章节。若您使用本数据集，请通过johannes.guetschow@pik-potsdam.de告知我们，以便我们追踪其使用情况，并在后续更新与优化数据集时予以考量。使用本数据集或其更新版本时，请引用所使用的具体数据集版本的DOI，同时引用本数据集的配套数据描述文章（见上文）。使用PRIMAP-hist数据集时，也请考虑引用相关原始数据源，详细引用信息见下文的参考文献章节。自v2.3版本起，我们采用了为PRIMAP2气候政策分析套件开发的数据格式：GitHub上的PRIMAP2。数据以两种格式发布：一种是交换格式，包含承载数据的CSV文件与承载附加元数据的YAML文件；另一种是基于网络通用数据格式（Network Common Data Form, NetCDF）的原生格式。关于数据格式的详细说明，请参考PRIMAP2文档。我们首次新增了有效数字位数超过三位的文件，该文件主要面向使用国家报告数据情景（HISTCR）开展政策分析的用户。使用高精度数据可避免与官方报告数据出现差异的争议。但排放数据的不确定性并不支持如此多的有效数字，这些额外位数可能会给人带来虚假的精度感，因此请格外谨慎地使用该版本数据集。 <strong>支持渠道</strong> 若您发现潜在错误或其他需要备注的内容，请先前往github.com/JGuetschow/PRIMAP-hist的问题追踪页面核查，并在该页面提交您的发现。针对本数据集提交的所有问题，请使用标签“v2.3.1”。若您在数据集使用过程中需要协助，或有其他相关问题，请联系johannes.guetschow@pik-potsdam.de。 <strong>数据来源</strong> <strong>全球水泥生产二氧化碳排放v210723（Andrew 2021）**</strong>数据，相关论文：Andrew (2019a) <strong>《BP世界能源统计年鉴》</strong> 英国石油公司（2021） <strong>二氧化碳信息分析中心（Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, CDIAC）</strong>数据：Boden et al. (2017); Gilfillan et al. (2020)，相关论文：Gilfilland and Marland (2021) <strong>排放全球大气研究数据库（Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research, EDGAR）v4.2及v4.2 FT2010：</strong> EDGAR v4.2、EDGAR v4.2 FT2010：JRC and PBL (2011), Olivier and Janssens-Maenhout (2012) <strong>EDGAR v6.0：</strong>数据、官网，相关待发表论文：Crippa et al. (n.d.), JRC (2021) <strong>EDGAR-HYDE 1.4：</strong>数据：Van Aardenne et al. (2001), Olivier and Berdowski (2001) <strong>联合国粮食及农业组织统计数据库（Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics, FAOSTAT）</strong>数据：联合国粮食及农业组织（2021） <strong>典型浓度路径（Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP）历史数据</strong>数据，相关论文：Meinshausen et al. (2011) <strong>发展中国家UNFCCC国家信息通报与国家清单报告</strong>官网、数据：UNFCCC (2021c), Gieseke and Gütschow (2021) <strong>UNFCCC两年期更新报告</strong>官网：UNFCCC (2021b) <strong>UNFCCC通用报告格式（Common Reporting Format, CRF）</strong>官网、相关论文与数据：Gütschow et al. (2021b), UNFCCC (2021a)（处理方式见Jeffery et al. (2018a)） <strong>非UNFCCC缔约方官方国家数据源</strong> 中国台湾地区：官网：中华民国环境署（2020） 大韩民国：官网：大韩民国环境部（2020） <strong>数据集包含的文件</strong> 针对每个数据集，我们提供三类文件：<em>.nc</em>格式文件以PRIMAP2原生NetCDF格式承载数据与元数据；<em>.csv</em>格式文件遵循PRIMAP2交换格式规范，以逗号分隔值格式承载数据；交换格式文件的元数据存储于<em>.yaml</em>格式文件中。 <strong>Guetschow-et-al-2021-PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1_20_Sep_2021.X</strong>：主数据集，已将所有时间序列数值外推至2019年，保留三位有效数字。 <strong>Guetschow-et-al-2021-PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1_no_extrap_20_Sep_2021.X</strong>：未对缺失值进行数值外推，且未包含“country”章节中提及的国家组的变体（保留三位有效数字）。 <strong>Guetschow-et-al-2021-PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1_no_rounding_20_Sep_2021.X</strong>：主数据集，已将所有时间序列数值外推至2019年，保留十一位有效数字。 <strong>Guetschow-et-al-2021-PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1_no_extrap_no_rounding_20_Sep_2021.csv</strong>：未对缺失值进行数值外推，且未包含“country”章节中提及的国家组的变体（保留十一位有效数字）。 <strong>PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1_data-description.pdf</strong>：包含更新日志的数据说明文档。 <strong>PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1_updated_figures.pdf</strong>：发表于《地球系统科学数据》的PRIMAP-hist论文配套更新图表。 <strong>注意事项</strong> 本数据集未包含国际航空与航运排放。主版本数据集未包含土地利用、土地利用变化与林业（LULUCF）相关排放，该部分数据收录于未进行舍入处理的版本中。用户使用LULUCF数据时需格外谨慎，因为数据中年际变化的部分来源为不同数据源的切换或数据源内部的方法学变更，而非实际排放的变化。 <strong>数据格式说明（列字段）</strong> CSV格式文件中的PRIMAP-hist数据格式与PRIMAP2交换格式保持一致。各列字段含义如下： <em>“source”</em> 数据源名称，此处为“PRIMAP-hist_v2.3.1”，后缀“_ne”代表未进行外推，“_nr”代表未进行舍入。 <em>“scenario (PRIMAP)”</em> 情景（PRIMAP）： <em>HISTCR</em>：该情景下，国家报告数据（CRF、BUR、UNFCCC）优先于第三方数据（CDIAC、FAO、Andrew、EDGAR、BP）。 <em>HISTTP</em>：该情景下，第三方数据（CDIAC、FAO、Andrew、EDGAR、BP）优先于国家报告数据（CRF、BUR、UNFCCC）。 <em>“provenance”</em> 数据溯源，此处为“derived（衍生）”，因为本数据集为复合数据源。 <em>“country”</em> ISO 3166三字母国家代码或国家组自定义代码，详见下表： <pre><code>代码 区域描述 ---- ------- EARTH 所有国家的总排放汇总 ANNEXI 《公约》附件一缔约方 NONANNEXI 《公约》非附件一缔约方 AOSIS 小岛屿发展中国家联盟 BASIC BASIC国家（巴西、南非、印度与中国） EU27BX 脱欧后的欧盟 LDC 最不发达国家 UMBRELLA 伞形集团</code></pre> <em>“category”</em> 基于IPCC（政府间气候变化专门委员会，Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change）2006年分类的排放类别，层级体系中新增了以前缀“M”开头的汇总部门，详见下表： <pre><code>----------------------------------------------------------------------- 类别代码 描述 ------------- --------------------------------------------------------- M.0.EL 不含LULUCF的全国总排放 1 能源 1.A 燃料燃烧活动 1.B 燃料逃逸排放 1.B.1 固体燃料 1.B.2 石油与天然气 1.B.3 能源生产的其他排放 1.C 二氧化碳运输与封存（当前无可用数据） 2 工业过程与产品使用（Industrial Processes and Product Use, IPPU） 2.A 矿物工业 2.B 化学工业 2.C 金属工业 2.D 燃料与溶剂使用的非能源产品 2.E 电子工业（无可用数据，因该类别仅用于氟化气体，且仅在IPC2层级有数据） 2.F 作为消耗臭氧层物质替代品的产品用途（无可用数据，因该类别仅用于氟化气体，且仅在IPC2层级有数据） 2.G 其他产品制造与使用 2.H 其他 M.AG 农业，为IPC3A与IPCMAGELV的总和 3.A 畜牧业 M.AG.ELV 不含畜牧业的农业 4 废弃物 5 其他 -----------------------------------------------------------------------</code></pre> <em>“entity”</em> 采用第二次评估报告（SAR）或第四次评估报告（AR4）全球增温潜势（Global Warming Potential, GWP）的气体类别，详见下表： <pre><code>代码 描述 ---- ----------- CH4 甲烷 CO2 二氧化碳 N2O 一氧化二氮 HFCS (SARGWP100) 氢氟碳化物（SAR） HFCS (AR4GWP100) 氢氟碳化物（AR4） PFCS SARGWP100 全氟碳化物（SAR） PFCS (AR4GWP100) 全氟碳化物（AR4） SF6 六氟化硫 NF3 三氟化氮 FGASES SARGWP100 氟化气体（SAR）：HFCs、PFCs、SF₆、NF₃ FGASES (AR4GWP100) 氟化气体（AR4）：HFCs、PFCs、SF₆、NF₃ KYOTOGHG SARGWP100 京都温室气体（SAR） KYOTOGHG (AR4GWP100) 京都温室气体（AR4）</code></pre> <em>“unit”</em> 单位格式为“Gg <物质> / 年”，其中<物质>为具体气体类别；对于二氧化碳当量单位，格式为“Gg CO₂ / 年”。二氧化碳当量根据对应实体指定的全球增温潜势计算（见上文）。 <em>“剩余列”</em> 1750年至2019年的各年度数据。 <strong>更新日志</strong> 关于更新日志，请参考可下载的数据说明PDF版本。 <strong>参考文献</strong> 完整参考文献请参考下文的参考文献章节以及可下载的数据说明PDF版本。
