Table8_Genome-Wide Identification of MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK Gene Families in Fagopyrum tataricum and Analysis of Their Expression Patterns Under Abiotic Stress.XLS

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved signal transduction pathway, ubiquitous in eukaryotes, such as animals and plants. The MAPK cascade has a dominant role in regulating plant adaptation to the environment, such as through stress responses, osmotic adjustment, and processes that modulate pathogenicity. In the present study, the MAPK cascade gene family was identified in Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat), based on complete genome sequence data. Using phylogenetic tree, conservative motif, and chromosome location analyses, a total of 65 FtMAPK cascade genes, distributed on five chromosomes, were classified into three families: MAPK (n = 8), MAPKK (n = 1), and MAPKKK (n = 56). Transcriptome data from Tartary buckwheat seedlings grown under different light conditions demonstrated that, under blue and red light, the expression levels of 18 and 36 FtMAPK cascade genes were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Through qRT-PCR experiments, it was observed that FtMAPK5, FtMAPKK1, FtMAPKKK8, FtMAPKKK10, and FtMAPKKK24 gene expression levels in the Tartary buckwheat seedlings increased under three types of abiotic stress: drought, salt, and high temperature. A co-expression network of FtMAPK cascade genes was constructed, based on gene expression levels under different light conditions, and co-expressed genes annotated by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses, which identified numerous transcription factors related to plant abiotic stress. The authors conclude that FtMAPK cascade genes have important roles in the growth and development of Tartary buckwheat, as well as its responses to abiotic stress.

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase，MAPK）级联反应是一类高度保守的信号转导通路，广泛分布于动物、植物等真核生物中。MAPK级联反应在调控植物环境适应性方面发挥核心作用，可通过胁迫响应、渗透调节以及致病力调控相关过程实现该功能。本研究基于全基因组测序数据，在苦荞麦（Fagopyrum tataricum，Tartary buckwheat）中鉴定得到MAPK级联反应基因家族。通过系统发育树、保守基序及染色体定位分析，共获得分布于5条染色体上的65个FtMAPK级联反应基因，可划分为3个家族：MAPK家族（n = 8）、MAPKK家族（n = 1）以及MAPKKK家族（n = 56）。对不同光照条件下培养的苦荞麦幼苗开展转录组分析，结果显示在蓝光与红光处理下，分别有18个和36个FtMAPK级联反应基因的表达量呈上调与下调趋势。通过qRT-PCR实验检测发现，苦荞麦幼苗在遭受干旱、盐胁迫与高温三种非生物胁迫时，FtMAPK5、FtMAPKK1、FtMAPKKK8、FtMAPKKK10及FtMAPKKK24的基因表达量均显著升高。基于不同光照条件下的基因表达谱数据，本研究构建了FtMAPK级联反应基因的共表达网络，并通过基因本体（Gene Ontology，GO）富集分析与京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes，KEGG）富集分析对共表达基因进行注释，最终鉴定到多个与植物非生物胁迫相关的转录因子。研究人员最终得出结论：FtMAPK级联反应基因在苦荞麦的生长发育以及非生物胁迫响应过程中发挥关键调控作用。