Yellow River Basin Monthly Surface Water Dynamics Dataset (YRB-MSWD, 2000–2024)

This dataset provides the Yellow River Basin Monthly Surface Water Dynamics dataset (YRB-MSWD), a 30 m monthly surface-water record for the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2024. The dataset was generated using a hydrogeomorphically constrained reconstruction framework that combines JRC Monthly Water History records, long-term water-occurrence information, sub-basin hydrological response, river-network and DEM priors, and recent Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical observations. Each monthly GeoTIFF file contains two bands: (1) surface-water classification, where 1 represents water and 2 represents non-water; and (2) a quality-control (QC) band indicating whether a pixel was directly observed or generated through correction/reconstruction. The dataset can support long-term surface-water dynamics analysis, reservoir regulation assessment, drought and flood studies, and basin-scale water-resource management in the Yellow River Basin.