Table 1_Dietary supplementation with proanthocyanidins and rutin alleviates the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mice and regulates gut microbiota.xlsx

BackgroundObesity and high fasting blood glucose (FBG) resulting from high-fat diets (HFDs) have emerged as significant public health concerns, garnering increasing attention. Recently, gut microbiota has been linked with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and its mediating role in dietary supplements has been confirmed. Seeking various dietary supplements to lose body weight (BW) and decrease FBG and explaining the underlying mechanism have become the research hotspots in T2DM studies.
MethodsIn this study, rutin and proanthocyanidins (PA) were selected as dietary supplements (200 mg/kg × day, oral gavage, 6 weeks) in T2DM mice induced with HFD to assess their efficacy in weight loss, FBG reduction, gut microbiota alterations, and the associated underlying mechanisms.
ResultsOur findings indicate that rutin was more effective than PA in relieving inflammation and fat hypertrophy, although both significantly reduced BW and FBG within 2 weeks after the intervention. Analysis of 16S rRNA amplicons revealed substantial alterations in the gut microbial community composition of mice administered with PA and rutin compared to HFD-fed mice. Importantly, several core microbes, particularly a series of probiotics, such as Akkermansia, Lactococcus, Odoribacter, Faecalibaculum, and Roseburia were identified, which were significantly correlated with the changes in BW and FBG.
ConclusionOverall, our study highlights that rutin and PA can reduce BW, FBG, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiota composition, providing novel perspectives for managing and treating weight and FBG concerns in obesity and T2DM patients through dietary supplements in clinical treatment.

背景：高脂饮食（high-fat diets, HFD）诱导的肥胖与空腹血糖（fasting blood glucose, FBG）升高已成为重要的公共卫生问题，日益受到关注。近年来，肠道菌群与2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes, T2DM）等代谢性疾病的关联已被证实，其在膳食补充剂作用中的介导角色也得到确认。寻找可降低体重（body weight, BW）与FBG的各类膳食补充剂，并阐明其潜在作用机制，已成为T2DM研究领域的热点方向。
方法：本研究选取芦丁（rutin）与原花青素（proanthocyanidins, PA）作为膳食补充剂，以200 mg/kg·日的剂量对高脂饮食诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠进行灌胃干预，持续6周，以评估二者在减重、降低FBG、调节肠道菌群结构及相关潜在机制方面的功效。
结果：研究结果显示，尽管两种补充剂在干预后2周内均可显著降低小鼠体重与FBG，但芦丁在缓解炎症与脂肪肥大方面的效果优于原花青素。16S核糖体RNA扩增子（16S rRNA amplicons）测序分析表明，与单纯高脂饮食喂养的小鼠相比，灌胃芦丁或原花青素的小鼠肠道菌群群落组成发生了显著改变。尤为重要的是，本研究鉴定出多种核心微生物，尤其是一系列益生菌，如阿克曼菌属（Akkermansia）、乳球菌属（Lactococcus）、气味杆菌属（Odoribacter）、粪杆菌属（Faecalibaculum）与罗氏菌属（Roseburia），这些菌群的丰度变化与体重及FBG的改变显著相关。
结论：综上，本研究表明芦丁与原花青素可通过调节肠道菌群组成，降低小鼠体重、FBG水平并缓解炎症，为临床中通过膳食补充剂管理肥胖与2型糖尿病患者的体重及血糖异常提供了全新的研究视角。