Observed covariance in abundance (U) of Lama guanicoe compared to large-livestock (g.la) and small-livestock (g.sm) for all surveys and seasons.

Upper (CI.up) and lower (CI.low) 95% confidence limits using the IT null model algorithm (replicates = 5000), mean expected U value (Ū) and the standardized effect size (SES = (U–Ū)/sdŪ ) are given.

本数据集给出了采用IT零模型算法（IT null model algorithm，重复次数为5000）计算得到的95%置信上限（CI.up）、置信下限（CI.low）、平均期望U值（Ū）以及标准化效应量（SES），其中标准化效应量的计算公式为SES = (U – Ū)/sdŪ。