Working_Paper_Cover_Gorky.docx

<b>Abstract</b>Mental toughness is widely recognized as a crucial psychological trait that enables athletes to perform under pressure and overcome adversity. However, the methods through which it is shaped—particularly within coach-athlete relationships—are not always positive. The primary objective of the study was to explore the relationship between athletes’ mental toughness and psychological violence by coaches. A total of 372 athletes (aged 19–36 years) participated in the study by completing an online questionnaire. Validated scales were utilized to assess psychological violence by coaches and mental toughness. To analyze the relationship between these variables, correlation analysis and quantile regression were conducted. The results demonstrated a significant negative association between psychological violence by coaches and mental toughness. Quantile regression further showed that this relationship was more pronounced among athletes with higher levels of mental toughness. Additionally, a Mann-Whitney U test revealed that athletes who experienced psychological violence reported lower mental toughness scores compared to those who did not. These findings underscore the detrimental impact of psychological violence on athletes’ mental toughness. Overall, the study highlights the importance of preventive measures and coach education to foster supportive and psychologically safe sports environments.

**摘要** 心理韧性（mental toughness）被广泛视为一项至关重要的心理特质，可帮助运动员在压力情境下发挥竞技水平并克服逆境。然而，塑造该特质的路径——尤其是在教练与运动员的关系框架内——并非始终积极正向。本研究的核心目标为探究运动员心理韧性与教练实施的心理暴力之间的关联。共计372名年龄介于19至36岁的运动员参与了本次线上问卷调查。研究采用经过信效度验证的量表，分别评估教练实施的心理暴力程度与运动员的心理韧性水平。为分析上述变量间的关联，本研究运用了相关分析与分位数回归（quantile regression）方法。结果显示，教练实施的心理暴力与运动员心理韧性之间存在显著负相关关系。分位数回归进一步表明，该关联在心理韧性水平更高的运动员群体中表现更为显著。此外，曼-惠特尼U检验（Mann-Whitney U test）结果显示，曾遭受心理暴力的运动员，其心理韧性得分显著低于未遭受此类暴力的运动员。上述研究结果凸显了心理暴力对运动员心理韧性的负面影响。总体而言，本研究强调了采取预防措施与开展教练教育培训的重要性，以期构建支持性且心理安全的体育环境。