Criminality, Violence and Justice in Tamaduá Village, Brazil: The Reconstruction of Criminal Statistics from the Empire to the Republic

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the first results of the crime and justice mapping research in the nineteenth century and the first three decades of the twentieth century Minas Gerais, more specifically the region of Comarca do Rio das Mortes. The estimation of crime rates over the one century period, associated with the analysis of its geographical distribution, allowed us to observe changes occurred in the application of justice and in its control agencies, as well as the impact of changes over conflicts, violence and order negotiation. The data analysed in this paper is about the area of the old town of Tamanduá, now called Itapecerica, and its surroundings, with a total of 1133 criminal cases occurred between 1829 and 1930. The results show an exponential increase in the number of violent cases starting from the last decade of the nineteenth century. In an attempt to explain this change in the trend we work with a hypothesis of a collapse of the justice system with the implementation of the Republic.

摘要
本文旨在呈现针对19世纪至20世纪前30年米纳斯吉拉斯州（Minas Gerais），更具体为莫尔特斯河司法管辖区（Comarca do Rio das Mortes）的犯罪与司法制图研究的首批成果。通过对该百年时段内犯罪率的估算，并结合其地理分布特征开展分析，我们得以观察到司法实践与管控机构的演变，以及此类变革对冲突、暴力与秩序协商的影响。本文所分析的数据取自原塔曼杜阿镇（Tamanduá，现名伊塔佩塞里卡（Itapecerica））及其周边区域，涵盖1829年至1930年间共计1133起刑事案件。研究结果显示，自19世纪最后十年起，暴力案件数量呈指数级增长。为解释这一趋势转变，我们提出了共和制推行后司法体系崩塌的假说。