Hypogeous Fungi in Mediterranean Maquis, Arid and Semi-Arid Forests

Hypogeous fungi are common in arid and semi-arid areas of the Mediterranean basin and in particular they are found in Italy, Spain, northern African countries (especially in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) and in the Middle East. These fungi and in particular some species belonging to the genus <i>Tuber</i>, and the desert truffles (<i>Terfezia</i> spp. and <i>Tirmania</i> spp.) form ascomata of considerable economic value. In this review, a panorama of hypogeous fungal diversity and information on their ecology in Mediterranean arid and semi-arid ecosystems have been reported; their economical importance and cultivation potential are also underlined.

地下真菌（hypogeous fungi）广泛分布于地中海盆地的干旱与半干旱区域，尤其在意大利、西班牙、北非诸国（尤以摩洛哥、阿尔及利亚及突尼斯为典型）以及中东地区均可发现其踪迹。此类真菌，尤其是块菌属（<i>Tuber</i>）的部分物种，以及沙漠松露（<i>Terfezia</i> spp. 与<i>Tirmania</i> spp.），可形成具备较高经济价值的子囊果（ascomata）。本综述全面梳理了地中海干旱与半干旱生态系统中地下真菌的多样性概况及其生态学信息，同时着重强调了其经济价值与人工栽培潜力。