Shapefiles with the outline of maximum water spread resulting from the catastrophic release of the Kakhovka Reservoir after the destruction of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant by Russian occupying forces
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The map is based on remote sensing data from Sentinel-2A (Processing Level L2A), dated June 8, June 13, and June 18, 2023, and Landsat-9 (Collection 2 Level-1), dated June 9, 2023. The following Sentinel-2 remote sensing data granules were used:S2A_MSIL2A_20230608T084601_N0509_R107_T36TUS_20230608T132103.SAFE S2A_MSIL2A_20230608T084601_N0509_R107_T36TVS_20230608T132103.SAFES2A_MSIL2A_20230608T084601_N0509_R107_T36TWS_20230608T132103.SAFES2A_MSIL2A_20230608T084601_N0509_R107_T36TVT_20230608T132103.SAFES2B_MSIL2A_20230613T084609_N0509_R107_T36TUS_20230613T102806.SAFES2B_MSIL2A_20230613T084609_N0509_R107_T36TVS_20230613T102806.SAFES2B_MSIL2A_20230613T084609_N0509_R107_T36TWS_20230613T102806.SAFES2A_MSIL2A_20230618T084601_N0509_R107_T36TUS_20230618T151602.SAFES2A_MSIL2A_20230618T084601_N0509_R107_T36TVS_20230618T151602.SAFES2A_MSIL2A_20230618T084601_N0509_R107_T36TWS_20230618T151602.SAFE The following remote sensing data scenes from Landsat-9 were used:LC09_L1TP_179028_20230609_20230610_02_T1LC09_L1TP_179027_20230609_20230610_02_T1 The contour of the maximum water spread was constructed using a method of manual visual interpretation of remote sensing data, relying on knowledge of the local terrain. We consciously chose not to use automated methods with water indices such as the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) or the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), as these do not effectively distinguish water surfaces in areas covered with forest or dense reed thickets. Similarly, we did not use the SRTM digital elevation model due to significant artifacts in the study area, where the model shows the height of the forest canopy instead of the ground surface in forested areas. For visual interpretation of Sentinel-2A remote sensing data, we used combinations of spectral bands NIR-Red-Green (8-4-3) and SWIR2-NIR-Green (12-8-3). For the visual interpretation of Landsat-9 remote sensing data, we used combinations of bands SWIR1-NIR-Red (6-5-4) and NIR-Red-Green (5-4-3). To better align the resolution of Sentinel-2A remote sensing data (10 m/pixel) with that of Landsat-9 (30 m/pixel), the latter's data was enhanced using the panchromatic channel (Band 8) through IHS-based pansharpening to 15 m/pixel. The pansharpening was performed using a custom bash script, utilizing command-line tools and utilities such as ImageMagick (https://imagemagick.org), listgeo, and geotifcp (https://github.com/OSGeo/libgeotiff). To expedite the pansharpening process, both Landsat scenes were cropped to the study region and merged by bands using the gdal_translate and gdal_merge.py utilities from the GDAL library (https://gdal.org/). For convenience, the Sentinel-2A data tiles T36TUS, T36TVS, and T36TWS were also cropped and merged by bands using custom scripts available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13205058. During visual interpretation, the above-mentioned remote sensing data were compared with satellite images acquired before the destruction of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant. In particular, Landsat-9 remote sensing data were compared with Landsat-8 data from June 1, 2023, and Sentinel-2A data were compared with Sentinel-2B data from June 3, 2023. Repository files:floodMax_UTM36N.zip — contains the shapefile in UTM36N projection (EPSG:32636);floodMax_WGS84.zip — contains the shapefile in geographic coordinates in WGS84 (EPSG:4326);floodMax_WGS84.geojson.zip — contains a GeoJSON file in WGS84 coordinates (EPSG:4326). Web version of the map The web version of the maximum water spread map is available at:https://yumoskalenko.github.io/floodmap_Kakhovka2023/ Embed code for the map on a webpage: <iframe style="border: 1px solid black" src="https://yumoskalenko.github.io/floodmap_Kakhovka2023/index.html" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" width="100%" height="360" frameborder="0"></iframe> This scientific and technical product was created by the scientists of the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during the implementation of research on the topic "Monitoring the condition of natural complexes of the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve (‘Chronicle of Nature’)" (state registration number 0121U109174).
本地图基于2023年6月8日、13日、18日的Sentinel-2A（处理级别L2A）遥感数据，以及2023年6月9日的Landsat-9（Collection 2 Level-1）遥感数据制作。 本次研究使用的Sentinel-2遥感数据颗粒如下： S2A_MSIL2A_20230608T084601_N0509_R107_T36TUS_20230608T132103.SAFE S2A_MSIL2A_20230608T084601_N0509_R107_T36TVS_20230608T132103.SAFE S2A_MSIL2A_20230608T084601_N0509_R107_T36TWS_20230608T132103.SAFE S2A_MSIL2A_20230608T084601_N0509_R107_T36TVT_20230608T132103.SAFE S2B_MSIL2A_20230613T084609_N0509_R107_T36TUS_20230613T102806.SAFE S2B_MSIL2A_20230613T084609_N0509_R107_T36TVS_20230613T102806.SAFE S2B_MSIL2A_20230613T084609_N0509_R107_T36TWS_20230613T102806.SAFE S2A_MSIL2A_20230618T084601_N0509_R107_T36TUS_20230618T151602.SAFE S2A_MSIL2A_20230618T084601_N0509_R107_T36TVS_20230618T151602.SAFE S2A_MSIL2A_20230618T084601_N0509_R107_T36TWS_20230618T151602.SAFE 本次研究使用的Landsat-9遥感数据场景如下： LC09_L1TP_179028_20230609_20230610_02_T1 LC09_L1TP_179027_20230609_20230610_02_T1 本研究采用人工目视解译遥感数据的方法构建最大水体覆盖范围轮廓，依托当地地形知识开展解译。我们刻意未采用基于水体指数的自动化解译方法，如归一化差异水体指数（Normalized Difference Water Index, NDWI）或改进型归一化差异水体指数（Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, MNDWI），因此类方法无法有效区分森林或茂密芦苇丛覆盖区域内的水体表面。同理，本研究未使用SRTM数字高程模型，因研究区域内该模型存在显著伪影，在林区会显示林冠高度而非地表高程。 针对Sentinel-2A遥感数据的目视解译，我们采用近红外-红-绿（8-4-3）与短波红外2-近红外-绿（12-8-3）波段组合方案；针对Landsat-9遥感数据的目视解译，我们采用短波红外1-近红外-红（6-5-4）与近红外-红-绿（5-4-3）波段组合方案。为使Sentinel-2A（10米/像素）与Landsat-9（30米/像素）的空间分辨率更匹配，我们基于IHS全色锐化（pansharpening）方法，利用全色波段（波段8）将Landsat-9数据的分辨率提升至15米/像素。本次全色锐化通过自定义Bash脚本实现，调用了ImageMagick（https://imagemagick.org）、listgeo与geotifcp（https://github.com/OSGeo/libgeotiff）等命令行工具与实用程序。为加速全色锐化流程，我们使用GDAL库（https://gdal.org/）的gdal_translate与gdal_merge.py工具，将两个Landsat场景裁剪至研究区域并按波段合并。为便于后续使用，我们通过https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13205058提供的自定义脚本，将Sentinel-2A数据瓦片T36TUS、T36TVS与T36TWS同样裁剪并按波段合并。 目视解译过程中，我们将上述遥感数据与卡霍夫卡水电站溃坝前获取的卫星影像进行对比。具体而言，将Landsat-9遥感数据与2023年6月1日的Landsat-8数据对比，将Sentinel-2A遥感数据与2023年6月3日的Sentinel-2B数据对比。 ### 仓库文件说明 floodMax_UTM36N.zip：包含UTM36N投影（EPSG:32636）下的矢量形状文件； floodMax_WGS84.zip：包含WGS84地理坐标系（EPSG:4326）下的矢量形状文件； floodMax_WGS84.geojson.zip：包含WGS84坐标系（EPSG:4326）下的GeoJSON文件。 ### 地图网页版 本最大水体覆盖范围地图的网页版可通过以下链接访问：https://yumoskalenko.github.io/floodmap_Kakhovka2023/ #### 网页嵌入代码 <iframe style="border: 1px solid black" src="https://yumoskalenko.github.io/floodmap_Kakhovka2023/index.html" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" width="100%" height="360" frameborder="0"></iframe> 本科技成果由乌克兰国家科学院黑海生物圈保护区的科研人员在开展“黑海生物圈保护区自然复合体监测（‘自然纪事’）”（国家登记号0121U109174）主题研究期间完成。
