Frugivory by phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in two cerrado urban remnants in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul

ABSTRACT Phyllostomid bats are potential seed dispersers, due to their foraging habit and great mobility, and are the main species responsible for regeneration of neotropical forests. In Mato Grosso do Sul, research on bats diets is concentrated in the Pantanal region, with few studies focusing on the Cerrado portion, and only one study from an urban area. The objective of this study was to analyze the diets of frugivorous phyllostomid bats from two urban remnants of Cerrado in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, evaluating whether the diet formulation of the species is based on preferences food. Bats were captured from two conservation units (the Dahma Ecological Station and Prosa State Park) for 12 nights in each area, using six mist nets, which were left open for six hours after sunset. After capture, each bat was kept in an individual cotton bag for one hour to collect a fecal sample. Fecal samples were individually stored in hermetic bottles, placed in glycerin, and then analyzed in the laboratory. All seeds found in the samples were identified. 250 bats were captured, distributed in ten species, eight genera, and two families. Phyllostomids constituted 93.2% of the captures (n = 233). The most frequent species were Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) (27.6%) and Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) (27.2%). Seeds were found in 46 fecal samples from seven species of phyllostomid bats. Most of the seeds found were from the family Piperaceae (69.6% of the samples), and was a key resource consumed by almost all phyllostomid species. Frugivores help maintain conservation units, as they promote self-renewal, and frugivory is an important process for forest remnants. Since these bats exclusively consumed pioneer species, they play a key role in maintaining these urban remnants of Cerrado.

摘要：叶口蝠科蝙蝠（Phyllostomid bats）凭借其觅食习性与极强的移动能力，是潜在的种子传播者，也是新热带界森林更新的主要贡献物种。在南马托格罗索州，针对蝙蝠食性的研究多集中于潘塔纳尔湿地区域，针对塞拉多（Cerrado）片区的研究较少，且仅有一项来自城市区域的相关研究。本研究旨在分析南马托格罗索州大坎普市两处塞拉多城市残存斑块中的食果性叶口蝠科蝙蝠的食性，评估该类物种的食性组成是否基于食物偏好。研究人员在两处保护地（达赫玛生态站与普罗萨州立公园）各开展12个夜晚的采样，使用6张雾网，于日落之后悬挂6小时。捕获的蝙蝠被置于单个棉袋中1小时以收集粪便样本。粪便样本单独储存在密封瓶中，置于甘油内，随后送至实验室进行分析，对样本中发现的所有种子均完成物种鉴定。本次研究共捕获250只蝙蝠，隶属于2科、8属、10种。其中叶口蝠科个体占捕获总量的93.2%（n=233）。优势物种为短尾叶鼻蝠（Carollia perspicillata，Linnaeus, 1758）（占比27.6%）与纹颈果蝠（Artibeus lituratus，Olfers, 1818）（占比27.2%）。在7种叶口蝠科蝙蝠的46份粪便样本中检出了植物种子。检出的种子绝大多数隶属于胡椒科（Piperaceae），占阳性样本的69.6%，是几乎所有叶口蝠科物种的关键食物资源。食果行为有助于维持保护地的自我更新，因此食果性对于森林残存斑块而言是一项重要的生态过程。由于本次研究中的蝙蝠仅取食先锋物种，它们在维持这些塞拉多城市残存斑块的生态稳定中发挥了关键作用。