Table_2_Characterization of Chloroplast Genomes From Two Salvia Medicinal Plants and Gene Transfer Among Their Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genomes.DOCX

Salvia species have been widely used as medicinal plants and have played an important role in the treatment and recovery of individuals with COVID-19. In this study, we reported two newly identified whole chloroplast genome sequences of Salvia medicinal plants (Salvia yangii and Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba) and compared them with those of seven other reported Salvia chloroplast genomes. These were proven to be highly similar in terms of overall size, genome structure, gene content, and gene order. We identified 10 mutation hot spots (trnK-rps16, atpH-atpI, psaA-ycf3, ndhC-trnV, ndhF, rpl32-trnL, ndhG-ndhI, rps15-ycf1, ycf1a, and ycf1b) as candidate DNA barcodes for Salvia. Additionally, we observed the transfer of nine large-sized chloroplast genome fragments, with a total size of 49,895 bp (accounting for 32.97% of the chloroplast genome), into the mitochondrial genome as they shared >97% sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analyses of the whole chloroplast genome provided a high resolution of Salvia. This study will pave the way for the identification and breeding of Salvia medicinal plants and further phylogenetic evolutionary research on them as well.

鼠尾草属（Salvia）物种作为药用植物被广泛应用，在新冠病毒感染个体的治疗与康复进程中发挥了重要作用。本研究报道了两株新解析的鼠尾草属药用植物叶绿体全基因组（chloroplast genome）序列——黄花鼠尾草（Salvia yangii）与白花丹参（Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba），并将其与已发表的另外7株鼠尾草属植物叶绿体全基因组序列进行了比对分析。结果显示，这9株鼠尾草属植物的叶绿体全基因组在总长度、基因组结构、基因组成及基因排列顺序上均具有高度相似性。本研究共鉴定出10个突变热点区域（trnK-rps16、atpH-atpI、psaA-ycf3、ndhC-trnV、ndhF、rpl32-trnL、ndhG-ndhI、rps15-ycf1、ycf1a与ycf1b），可作为鼠尾草属植物的候选DNA条形码（DNA barcode）。此外，本研究发现有9个大片段叶绿体基因组片段被转移至线粒体基因组（mitochondrial genome）中，这些片段总长度达49895 bp，占叶绿体全基因组总长度的32.97%，其序列相似性均高于97%。基于叶绿体全基因组的系统发育分析，可为鼠尾草属植物的系统发育关系解析提供高分辨率的结果。本研究将为鼠尾草属药用植物的鉴定与育种工作，以及该类群后续的系统发育进化研究奠定坚实基础。