Quarterly Labour Force Survey, October - December, 2013

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P><p><strong>Background</strong><br>The <em>Labour Force Survey</em> (LFS) is a unique source of information using international definitions of employment and unemployment and economic inactivity, together with a wide range of related topics such as occupation, training, hours of work and personal characteristics of household members aged 16 years and over. It is used to inform social, economic and employment policy. The Annual Population Survey, also held at the UK Data Archive, is derived from the LFS.</p><p>The LFS was first conducted biennially from 1973-1983, then annually between 1984 and 1991, comprising a quarterly survey conducted throughout the year and a 'boost' survey in the spring quarter. From 1992 it moved to a quarterly cycle with a sample size approximately equivalent to that of the previous annual data. Northern Ireland was also included in the survey from December 1994. Further information on the background to the QLFS may be found in the documentation.</p><p>The UK Data Service also holds a Secure Access version of the QLFS (see below); household datasets; two-quarter and five-quarter longitudinal datasets; LFS datasets compiled for Eurostat; and some additional annual Northern Ireland datasets.<br><br><strong>LFS Documentation</strong><br>The documentation available from the Archive to accompany LFS datasets largely consists of the latest version of each user guide volume alongside the appropriate questionnaire for the year concerned (the latest questionnaire available covers July-September 2022). Volumes are updated periodically, so users are advised to check the latest documents on the ONS <a title="Labour Force Survey - User Guidance" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/methodologies/labourforcesurveyuserguidance">Labour Force Survey - User Guidance</a> pages before commencing analysis. <strong>This is especially important for users of older QLFS studies, where information and guidance in the user guide documents may have changed over time.</strong></p><p><strong>LFS response to COVID-19</strong></p><p>From April 2020 to May 2022, additional non-calendar quarter LFS microdata were made available to cover the pandemic period. The first additional microdata to be released covered February to April 2020 and the final non-calendar dataset covered March-May 2022. Publication then returned to calendar quarters only. Within the additional non-calendar COVID-19 quarters, pseudonymised variables Casenop and Hserialp may contain a significant number of missing cases (set as -9). These variables may not be available in full for the additional COVID-19 datasets until the next standard calendar quarter is produced. The income weight variable, PIWT, is not available in the non-calendar quarters, although the person weight (PWT) is included. Please consult the documentation for full details.</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Occupation data for 2021 and 2022 data files</span></p><p>The ONS has identified an issue with the collection of some occupational data in 2021 and 2022 data files in a number of their surveys. While they estimate any impacts will be small overall, this will affect the accuracy of the breakdowns of some detailed (four-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)) occupations, and data derived from them. Further information can be found in the ONS article published on 11 July 2023: <a title="Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/revisionofmiscodedoccupationaldataintheonslabourforcesurveyuk/january2021toseptember2022">Revision of miscoded occupational data in the ONS Labour Force Survey, UK: January 2021 to September 2022</a>.</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">2024 Reweighting</span></p><p></p><p>In February 2024, reweighted person-level data from July-September 2022 onwards were released. Up to July-September 2023, only the person weight was updated (PWT23); the income weight remains at 2022 (PIWT22). The 2023 income weight (PIWT23) was included from the October-December 2023 quarter. Users are encouraged to read the ONS methodological note of 5 February, <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/impactofreweightingonlabourforcesurveykeyindicators/2024">Impact of reweighting on Labour Force Survey key indicators: 2024</a>, which includes important information on the 2024 reweighting exercise.</p><p><strong>End User Licence and Secure Access QLFS data</strong></p><p>Two versions of the QLFS are available from UKDS. One is available under the standard End User Licence (EUL) agreement, and the other is a Secure Access version. The EUL version includes country and Government Office Region geography, 3-digit Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and 3-digit industry group for main, second and last job (from July-September 2015, 4-digit industry class is available for main job only).<br><br>The Secure Access version contains more detailed variables relating to:</p><ul><li>age: single year of age, year and month of birth, age completed full-time education and age obtained highest qualification, age of oldest dependent child and age of youngest dependent child</li><li>family unit and household: including a number of variables concerning the number of dependent children in the family according to their ages, relationship to head of household and relationship to head of family</li><li>nationality and country of origin</li><li>finer detail geography: including county, unitary/local authority, place of work, Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2 (NUTS2) and NUTS3 regions, and whether lives and works in same local authority district, and other categories;</li><li>health: including main health problem, and current and past health problems</li><li>education and apprenticeship: including numbers and subjects of various qualifications and variables concerning apprenticeships</li><li>industry: including industry, industry class and industry group for main, second and last job, and industry made redundant from</li><li>occupation: including 5-digit industry subclass and 4-digit SOC for main, second and last job and job made redundant from</li><li>system variables: including week number when interview took place and number of households at address</li><li>other additional detailed variables may also be included.</li></ul><p></p><p>The Secure Access datasets (SNs 6727 and 7674) have more restrictive access conditions than those made available under the standard EUL. Prospective users will need to gain ONS Accredited Researcher status, complete an extra application form and demonstrate to the data owners exactly why they need access to the additional variables. Users are strongly advised to first obtain the standard EUL version of the data to see if they are sufficient for their research requirements.</p><p></p><ul></ul><br>For the fifth edition (March 2019), 2018 weighting variables were added to the data.<br><br><br><B>Main Topics</B>:<BR><div>The QLFS questionnaire comprises a 'core' of questions which are included in every survey, together with some 'non-core' questions which vary from quarter to quarter.</div><div><br></div><div>The questionnaire can be split into two main parts. The first part contains questions on the respondent's household, family structure, basic housing information and demographic details of household members. The second part contains questions covering economic activity, education and health, and also may include a few questions asked on behalf of other government departments (for example the Department for Work and Pensions and the Home Office). Until 1997, the questions on health covered mainly problems which affected the respondent's work. From that quarter onwards, the questions cover all health problems. Detailed questions on income have also been included in each quarter since 1993. The basic questionnaire is revised each year, and a new version published, along with a transitional version that details changes from the previous year's questionnaire.</div>

<p>本摘要版权归英国数据服务中心（UK Data Service）及数据采集版权所有者所有。</p><p><strong>背景</strong><br><em>劳动力调查（Labour Force Survey, LFS）</em>是采用国际统一定义的就业、失业及经济不活动状况的权威信息来源，同时涵盖职业、培训、工作时长以及16岁及以上家庭成员的个人特征等广泛相关主题，可为社会、经济与就业政策制定提供决策支撑。由英国数据档案馆存档的年度人口调查（Annual Population Survey），其数据集即源自LFS。</p><p>LFS于1973年至1983年首次每两年开展一次，1984年至1991年转为年度开展，包含全年进行的季度调查与春季季度的“补充”调查。1992年起，调查转为季度周期模式，样本量大致等同于此前的年度数据。北爱尔兰自1994年12月起正式纳入调查范围。关于季度劳动力调查（Quarterly Labour Force Survey, QLFS）的背景详情，可查阅配套文档获取更多信息。</p><p>英国数据服务中心还提供QLFS的安全访问版本（详见下文）、家庭数据集、两季度及五季度纵向数据集、为欧盟统计署（Eurostat）编制的LFS数据集，以及部分额外的年度北爱尔兰数据集。</p><p><strong>LFS文档说明</strong><br>档案馆配套LFS数据集的文档主要包含各用户指南卷的最新版本，以及对应年度的适用问卷（现有最新问卷覆盖2022年7月至9月）。指南卷会定期更新，因此建议用户在开展分析前，先访问英国国家统计局（Office for National Statistics, ONS）的<a title="劳动力调查用户指南" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/methodologies/labourforcesurveyuserguidance">劳动力调查用户指南</a>页面查看最新文档。<strong>对于使用早期QLFS数据集的用户而言，这一点尤为重要——用户指南中的信息与指引可能已随时间发生变更。</strong></p><p><strong>新冠疫情期间的LFS调整</strong></p><p>2020年4月至2022年5月期间，额外的非季度周期LFS微观数据被发布，以覆盖新冠疫情时期。首批发布的额外微观数据覆盖2020年2月至4月，最后一批非季度周期数据集覆盖2022年3月至5月，此后调查恢复仅发布季度周期数据。在这些额外的非季度周期新冠疫情相关数据中，假名化变量Casenop与Hserialp可能存在大量缺失值（标记为-9）。此类变量可能需等到下一个标准季度周期数据产出后，才能在新冠疫情额外数据集中完整可用。收入权重变量PIWT在非季度周期数据中不可用，但个人权重变量PWT仍会包含其中。完整详情请查阅配套文档。</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">2021年与2022年数据文件的职业数据问题</span></p><p>英国国家统计局（ONS）发现2021年与2022年的部分数据文件中，职业数据采集存在流程偏差。尽管该局估算整体影响较小，但这将影响部分细分（四位数字标准职业分类（Standard Occupational Classification, SOC））职业的分类准确性，以及基于此类数据衍生的分析结果。更多详情可查阅ONS于2023年7月11日发布的文章：<a title="英国2021年1月至2022年9月英国国家统计局劳动力调查中编码错误职业数据的修订" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/revisionofmiscodedoccupationaldataintheonslabourforcesurveyuk/january2021toseptember2022">《英国2021年1月至2022年9月英国国家统计局劳动力调查中编码错误职业数据的修订》</a>。</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">2024年重新加权工作</span></p><p></p><p>2024年2月，2022年7月至9月及之后的重新加权个人层面数据正式发布。截至2023年7月至9月，仅更新了个人权重（PWT23），收入权重仍沿用2022年版本（PIWT22）。2023年收入权重（PIWT23）自2023年10月至12月季度起纳入数据。建议用户查阅ONS于2月5日发布的方法说明<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/impactofreweightingonlabourforcesurveykeyindicators/2024">《2024年重新加权对劳动力调查关键指标的影响》</a>，其中包含2024年重新加权工作的重要信息。</p><p><strong>最终用户许可协议与安全访问版QLFS数据</strong></p><p>英国数据服务中心提供两种版本的QLFS：一种遵循标准最终用户许可协议（End User Licence, EUL），另一种为安全访问版本。标准EUL版本包含国家与政府办公区域地理信息、主职、兼职及过往工作的3位数字标准职业分类（SOC）与3位数字行业分组信息（2015年7月至9月起，仅主职可获取4位数字行业分类）。</p><p>安全访问版本则包含更多详细变量，涉及：</p><ul><li>年龄：单一年龄、出生年份与月份、完成全日制教育的年龄、获得最高学历的年龄、最长受抚养子女年龄与最小受抚养子女年龄</li><li>家庭单元与家庭：包括若干关于按年龄划分的家庭受抚养子女数量、与户主的亲属关系、与家庭户主的亲属关系的变量</li><li>国籍与原产国</li><li>更精细的地理信息：包括郡、单一/地方当局、工作地点、欧盟统计区域2级（Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2, NUTS2）与3级（NUTS3）区域、是否在同一地方当局区域内居住与工作，以及其他分类</li><li>健康状况：包括主要健康问题、当前与既往健康问题</li><li>教育与学徒培训：包括各类资质的数量与科目，以及与学徒培训相关的变量</li><li>行业：包括主职、兼职、过往工作以及因裁员离职前所在行业的行业名称、行业分类与行业分组信息</li><li>职业：包括主职、兼职、过往工作以及因裁员离职前所在岗位的5位数字行业子类与4位数字SOC信息</li><li>系统变量：包括访谈周数与住址内的家庭户数</li><li>其他额外的详细变量也可能被纳入。</li></ul><p></p><p>安全访问数据集（序列号SN 6727与7674）的访问限制严于标准EUL版本。潜在用户需获得ONS认证研究员资格，填写额外的申请表，并向数据所有者明确说明需要访问额外变量的理由。强烈建议用户先获取标准EUL版本的数据，确认其是否满足研究需求。</p><p></p><ul></ul><br>对于2019年第五版数据，新增了2018年加权变量。</p><p><br><strong>核心主题</strong>:<br><div>QLFS问卷包含每轮调查均会纳入的“核心”问题，以及部分随季度变化的“非核心”问题。</div><div><br></div><div>问卷可分为两个主要部分：第一部分涵盖受访者家庭、家庭结构、基本住房信息以及家庭成员的人口统计细节；第二部分涵盖经济活动、教育与健康状况，还可能包含代表其他政府部门（例如工作与养老金部、内政部）提出的少量问题。1997年之前，健康相关问题主要围绕影响受访者工作的健康问题展开；自该季度起，问题覆盖所有健康状况。自1993年起，每季度的问卷均会纳入详细的收入相关问题。基础问卷每年都会进行修订并发布新版本，同时附带说明上一年度问卷变更细节的过渡版本。</div>