DataSheet_1_Fecal microbiota transplantation in a rodent model of short bowel syndrome: A therapeutic approach?.pdf

Extensive intestinal resection leads to Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS), the main cause of chronic intestinal failure. Colon preservation is crucial for spontaneous adaptation, to improve absorption and reduce parenteral nutrition dependence. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a promising approach in pathologies with dysbiosis as the one observed in SBS patients, was assessed in SBS rats with jejuno‐colonic anastomosis. The evolution of weight and food intake, the lenght of intestinal villi and crypts and the composition of fecal microbiota of Sham and SBS rats, transplanted or not with high fat diet rat microbiota, were analyzed. All SBS rats lost weight, increased their food intake and exhibited jejunal and colonic hyperplasia. Microbiota composition of SBS rats, transplanted or not, was largely enriched with Lactobacillaceae, and α‐ and β‐diversity were significantly different from Sham. The FMT altered microbiota composition and α‐ and β‐diversity in Sham but not SBS rats. FMT from high fat diet rats was successfully engrafted in Sham, but failed to take hold in SBS rats, probably because of the specific luminal environment in colon of SBS subjects favoring aero‐tolerant over anaerobic bacteria. Finally, the level of food intake in SBS rats was positively correlated with their Lactobacillaceae abundance. Microbiota transfer must be optimized and adapted to this specific SBS environment.

大范围肠切除术可引发短肠综合征（Short Bowel Syndrome, SBS），该病症是慢性肠功能衰竭的主要致病因素。保留结肠对于机体的自发性适应、改善营养吸收以及降低肠外营养依赖至关重要。粪便菌群移植（Fecal microbiota transplantation, FMT）是治疗菌群失调相关疾病的潜在有效手段，而SBS患者恰好存在菌群失调现象。本研究针对接受空肠-结肠吻合术的SBS模型大鼠，评估了FMT的干预效果，并分析了假手术组（Sham）与SBS模型大鼠的体重、进食量动态变化、肠绒毛与肠隐窝长度，以及是否接受高脂饲料供体大鼠粪便菌群移植的个体的粪便菌群组成。所有SBS模型大鼠均出现体重下降、进食量升高的表现，并伴随空肠与结肠黏膜增生。无论是否接受菌群移植，SBS模型大鼠的粪便菌群组成均显著富集乳杆菌科（Lactobacillaceae），且其α多样性与β多样性均与假手术组存在显著差异。粪便菌群移植可改变假手术组的菌群组成及α、β多样性，但对SBS模型大鼠无此影响。高脂饲料供体大鼠的粪便菌群移植可在假手术组大鼠肠道中成功定植，但无法在SBS模型大鼠肠道中定植，这可能是由于SBS模型大鼠结肠腔内的特殊微环境更倾向于支持需氧耐受菌增殖，而非厌氧菌。最后，SBS模型大鼠的进食量与其粪便菌群中乳杆菌科的相对丰度呈显著正相关。粪便菌群移植策略需针对SBS的特殊肠道环境进行优化与适配。